Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Case A
:
)
(
)
L
+
L
+
δ
h
−
h
1
⎡
⎤
(
( )
Q
=
2L
k
b
+
1
-
e
-
α
x
-
b
a
b
a
⎢
⎣
⎥
⎦
(
)
w
s
α
L
+
L
a
b
where:
Q
: flow through a hole in a geomembrane;
L
w
: length of a wrinkle;
k
s
: harmonic mean hydraulic conductivity of clay liner (
k
b
) and attenuated layer
(
k
a
);
b
: half width of a wrinkle;
L
a
: thickness of the attenuation (foundation) layer;
L
b
: thickness of the liner (CCL or GCL);
δ
h
: leachate head acting on top of the geomembrane;
h
a
: potentiometric head in an aquifer; and
α = [
k
s
/(
L
b
+L
a
)/θ]
0.5
.
(
)
0
.
5
⎡ +
θ
L
L
⎤
⎛
C
⎞
x
=
l
b
-
n
⋅
b
k
a
⎜
⎝
⎟
⎠
⎢
⎣
⎥
⎦
C
+
δ
h
s
where:
C
is
L
b
+
L
a
−
h
a
; and
θ is the hydraulic transmissivity of the interface between geomembrane and CCL
or GCL.
For a CCL:
(
)
(
)
2
⎧
good
contact
log
θ
=
0.07
+
1.036
log
k
+
0
018
log
k
10
b
10
b
⎪
⎪
⎨
(
)
(
)
2
poor
contact
log
θ
=
1.15
+
1.092
log
k
+
0
0207
log
k
10
b
10
b
⎪
⎪
2
k
in
m
/
s
units
,
θ
in
m
/s
units
⎩
b
CCL