Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Case A :
) (
)
L
+
L
+
δ
h
h
1
(
( )
Q
=
2L
k
b
+
1
-
e
-
α
x
-
b
a
b
a
(
)
w
s
α
L
+
L
a
b
where:
Q : flow through a hole in a geomembrane;
L w : length of a wrinkle;
k s : harmonic mean hydraulic conductivity of clay liner ( k b ) and attenuated layer
( k a );
b : half width of a wrinkle;
L a : thickness of the attenuation (foundation) layer;
L b : thickness of the liner (CCL or GCL);
δ h : leachate head acting on top of the geomembrane;
h a : potentiometric head in an aquifer; and
α = [ k s /( L b +L a )/θ] 0.5 .
(
)
0 .
5
⎡ +
θ
L
L
C
x
= l
b
-
n
b
k
a
C
+
δ
h
s
where:
C is L b + L a h a ; and
θ is the hydraulic transmissivity of the interface between geomembrane and CCL
or GCL.
For a CCL:
(
)
(
)
2
good
contact
log
θ
=
0.07
+
1.036
log
k
+
0
018
log
k
10
b
10
b
(
)
(
)
2
poor
contact
log
θ
=
1.15
+
1.092
log
k
+
0
0207
log
k
10
b
10
b
2
k
in
m
/
s
units
,
θ
in
m
/s
units
b
CCL
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