Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
where
P
vs
(
T
) is the saturating vapor pressure and
u
the water content in mass.
Meanwhile, it seems that different approaches (static or dynamic) and types of
perturbation strongly influence the results [PER 98]. Hysteresis provides part of the
explanation.
10.2.3.3
. Strong perturbations
Only isothermal hydric perturbations were discussed here. This type of
perturbation has been covered in section 9.3.4 (imbibition of water by a block's base
and use of the Boltzmann transformation to analyze the evolution of its water
content, then calculation of
D
θ
). Aouaïssia-Abdallah [AOU 97] has suggested a
variant of this technique: imbibition under pressure. In principle, we can obtain not
only
D
θ
,
but also the permeability
K
1
.
Numerous approaches and various tools are available to study the properties and
the alteration of stone. It constitutes a very large multidisciplinary field in which
research increasingly requires the participation of various specialists with different
views and complementary knowledge from simple non-destructive field methods up
to very sophisticated methods in the laboratory. Research involving partnership and
collaboration has been encouraged within the framework of international projects.
The results of such programs have considerably improved our knowledge about the
different mechanisms of alteration of stone over the last few years.
10.3. Bibliography
[AFN 70] AFNOR, NF X 10-021,
Détermination de la conductivité thermique. Méthode de la
plaque chaude gardée
, AFNOR, 1970.
[AFN 73a] AFNOR, NF B 10-504,
Produits de carrières. Pierres calcaires. Mesure du
coefficient d'absorption d'eau
, AFNOR, 1973.
[AFN 73b] AFNOR, NF B 10-506,
Produits de carrières. Pierres calcaires. Mesure de la
dureté superficielle
, AFNOR, 1973.
[AFN 73c] AFNOR, NF B 10-507,
Produits de carrières. Pierres calcaires. Mesure de la
dureté Vickers
, AFNOR, 1973.
[AFN 73d] AFNOR, NF B 10-508,
Produits de carrières. Pierres calcaires. Essai d'usure au
disque métallique
, AFNOR, 1973.
[AFN 73e] AFNOR, NF B 10-505,
Produits de carrières. Pierres calcaires. Mesure de la
vitesse de propagation du son (ondes longitudinales)
[AFN 75a] AFNOR, NF B 10-512,
Pierres calcaires. Mesure de la teneur en eau critique
,
AFNOR, 1975.
