Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 1.2.
Debris flow deposit in fully (Valais, Switzerland) in October 2000 (courtesy of
Crealp)
Figure 1.3.
Small-scale simulation of bed load transport in the laboratory. The solid and
liquid phases are distinct (water was colored with fluoresceine). The typical flow depth in these
experiments was 1 cm
high discharges, fine particles are in suspension while the coarsest particles are
pushed down to the bed. In this photograph the largest particles are stationary and
significantly affect water flow. The two phases (solid and liquid) are well separated
and water flows much faster than solid particles. When the inclination exceeds a
critical value (approximately 20%), significant sudden changes can be observed: a
transition from a two-phase flow to a single-phase flow occurs very quickly. The
