Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Natural
forest
Natural
forest
Impossible
Enrichment planting in natural forest
Impossible
Impossible
0.0 - 0.05
0.05 - 0.25
complex
complex
Impos-
sible
Impos-
sible
Agroforest
Agroforest
0.25 - 0.75
simple
simple
Mixed ………….…. Monocultural
Tree (crop) plantation
Mixed ………….…. Monocultural
Tree (crop) plantation
0.75 - 1.0
Dense forest
Open forest….
Woodland
Landscape with trees
Open landscape
0
>5
2-5
1
Number of planted tree species/ha
Fig. 20.3 In the continuum of landscapes with varying degree of human tree management, we
can distinguish three main dimensions: the total tree cover (as observable in remote sensing), the
ratio of natural regenerated and planted trees, and the number of tree species planted. In between
three generally recognized landscape types ('natural forest', 'monocultural tree plantation' and
'agriculture'), a wide range of other combinations exists, for which the generic name 'agrofor-
estry' is used; closed canopy forms of vegetation with a mix of planted and spontaneously estab-
lished tress can be indicated as 'agroforest'
Box 20.3 A consistent and operational terminology for landscapes can be
based on total tree cover, number of planted tree species and fraction of tree
basal area that is planted (as opposed to naturally established), as follows:
(1) Fraction of tree cover (maximum during the year)
>0.9
Closed forest
0.75-0.9
Open forest
0.5-0.75
Woodland
0.25-0.50
Savannah
0.05-0.25
Landscape with trees
(2) Number of planted tree species
0 Natural forest
1 Monoculture
2-5 Mixed
>5 Polyculture
(3) Planted trees as fraction of total tree basal area
0-0.05
Natural forest
0.05-0.25
Enrichment planting
0.25-0.75
Agroforest
0.75-1
Plantation forest (or woodlot)
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