Smallholder Tree Growing in South and Southeast Asia - Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services - page 15

Table 1.3 Temporal changes in the number of, and the area covered by, different types of forest
and tree farm lease agreements in the Philippines (Forest Management Bureau Statistics
Philippines 2006; http://forestry.denr.gov.ph/)
Year

Different types of forest and tree farm lease agreements
IFMA/ITPLA a SIFMA b

Tree farm
lease

Agroforestry
farm lease

Community forest management
agreements

Area
(ha)

Area
(ha)

Area
(ha)

Area
(ha)

No of beneficiaries
household PO Individual No. No No. No. Area (ha)

1980 12 88,000 - - 101 9,000 2 1,000 - - - -

1985 81 291,000 - - 129 17,000 101 99,000 - - - -

1990 81 304,000 - - 101 13,000 94 110,000 - - 8,858 c 44,222 c

1995 248 538,000 - - 128 18,000 84 97,000 - -

18,296 c 106,609

10,620

96,906 c
2000 184 548,000 750 22,387 155 19,000 80 91,000 477,984 d - - 5,482,393 d
2003 198 702,000 1591 36,237 167 20,000 84 94,000 690,691 d 2,977 d - 5,969,522
a Industrial Forest Management Agreement/Industrial Tree Plantation Lease Agreement to
enabling private investors to engage in industrial forest management and plantation establishment.
IFMA is to encourage logging companies to convert their business from pure timber-cutting into
commercial timber plantations. To do this, the government announced that all Timber License
Agreements (TLAs, logging permits), would expire in 16 years starting from 1991, while heavily
promoting the IFMA as the alternative. Since the government hoped to promote IFMA as a large-
scale reforestation programme, the usual area given to TLA holders (on average 10,000 ha) could
be doubled, depending on the capacity of the prospective company (http://www.minorityrights.
org/Dev/mrg_dev_title4_philippines/mrg_dev_title3_philippines_pf.htm accessed May 7, 2006).
b Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement enabling individuals, families, co-operatives
or corporations to engage in plantation establishment ranging from 1 to 500 ha.
c Beneficiaries and total area covered by Community Forest Stewardship Management Agreements
in which a portion of the public forest is allocated to a given community to manage, rehabili-
tate, reforest or develop for a period of 25 years renewable for another 25 years based on
performance.
d Beneficiaries and total area covered by projects implemented within the framework of the
Community-Based Forest Management Programme promoting active and productive partnership
between the government and the forest communities in developing, rehabilitating and managing
vast tracks of forest areas; communities are being organized and given long term (25 years, and
renewable) tenurial instruments over forest areas with the privilege to derive direct benefits
through harvesting of forest products, agroforestry and other livelihood programs. However, these
privileges and benefits go hand in hand with the corresponding obligation to manage and protect
the forest area in the long term. Moreover, benefits derived from production shares and livelihood
opportunities are supposed to plow back and be equitably distributed to the POs, their members
and families.

total of 1,300,000 ha of fast-growing trees planted between 1976 and 1995 in the
Philippines, assuming success is defined as the proportion of area that evolves into
secondary forests. Fast-growing tree species such as Gmelina arborea , Eucalyptus
sp. and Acacia mangium were, and still are today, most commonly used and planted
in the form of government and industrial plantations. As result of the disappointing
accomplishments, the rate of reforestation has been lagging far behind the rate of
forest loss. Whereas about 70,000 ha of land had been successfully reforested dur-
ing the period 1916-1987, the average rate of deforestation was estimated at
100,000 ha per year (Forest Management Bureau 1988, Pasicolan 1996). No