Restoration of Philippine Native Forest by Smallholder Tree Farmers - Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services - page 309

Table 15.1 Summary of the average growth, yield and economic rotation of selected exotic trees
(Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau 1998)
Species Growth Yield (m 3 ha −1

year −1 )

Economic rotation
(year)

Height (m) Diameter (m)

Acacia mangium 15-30 0.5-0.9 Dry site: 20-25 Pulp: 6-8

Good site: 40 Solidwood: 14-16

Pole: 15

Acacia auriculiformis 8-15 0.4-0.6 10-25 Fuelwood: 3-5

Pulp and paper: 8-10

Swietenia macrophylla 30-40 1.0-1.5 10-20 Solidwood: 17-50

Paraserianthes falcataria 24-30 0.5-1.0 25-35 Pulp: 7-9

Solidwood: 10-15

Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30-40 1.0-1.5 Dry site: 5-10 Dry site: 20-25

Good site: 5-10

Gmelina arborea 20-30 10-15 cm

(3 year)
0.6-1.0

Average site:
20-25

Pulp: 6-8

Good site: ≥ 30 Solidwood: 15-30

Malaysia, dipterocarp plantations registered a maximum diameter increase of
1.22 cm year −1 (Primack et al. 1989). Obviously, these growth rates pale much too
far than the popular exotic trees.

15.2.3 Available Researches and Technologies

Most research works have often focused only on a few economically important tree
species, thus making available technologies for the plantation development of these
species (Hooper et al. 2005) easily accessible to tree growers. Many of these planta-
tion species are exotics grown outside its native range (Zobel et al. 1987). In the
case of exotics planted world-wide, e.g. Pinus caribaea, Eucalyptus grandis, and
Tectona grandis available research, technology packages and experiences allows
many users to plant them with acceptable degree of certainty (Evans 1992). From
seed production, planting stock production to appropriate silvicultural treatments as
well as successes and failures, information about exotics abound and are accessible
to many tree farmers (e.g. Lamb 1973; Chapman 1973; Chapman and Allan 1978;
Pryor 1978; International Labour Organization 1979; National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) 1980; Boland and Turnbull 1981; Greaves 1981; Jacobs 1981;
National Research Council (NRC) 1983; Schonau 1985; Willan 1985; Glover 1987;
Midgley 1988; Withington et al. 1988; Boland 1989; Brewbaker 1989; Pryor 1989;
Evans 1992; Wadsworth 1997; Schmidt 2000). Information on growth and yield of
exotics (e.g. Revilla 1974; Ugalde and Perez 2001) and economics (Sedjo 1984)
which are major concerns among tree growers are very much available. Plantation
problems like pests and diseases have been examined and published for many
exotic trees (e.g. Quiniones 1983; Lapis 1995). In contrast, information for ITS is
scanty, fragmented and oftentimes completely lacking.