Agroforestation of Grasslands in Southeast Asia: WaNuLCAS Model Scenarios for Shade-Based Imperata Control During Tree Establishment - Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services - page 147

Gmelina arborea

Eucalyptus deglupta

3.0

3.0

1x3
1x9

2.5

2.5

1x3
1x9

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5 0.5

0.0 0.0

Simulation Time (Year)

Simulation Time (Year)

Lansium domesticum

Mangifera indica

2.5

3.0

5x5
10x10

5x5
10x10

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

Simulation Time (Year)

Simulation Time (Year)

Fig. 6.10 Simulated tree shading effect of timber and non-timber trees on the growth and survival
of Imperata

Table 6.5 Simulated tree shading effect of timber and non-timber trees on the growth and survival
of Imperata
Tree species Spacing (m × m) Time before Imperata dies (years)

Eucalyptus deglupta 1 × 3 6.2

1 × 9 14.2

Gmelina arborea 1 × 3 5.0

1 × 9 8.3

Mangifera indica 5 × 5 8.3

10 × 10 10.3

Lansium domesticum 5 × 5 8.2

10 × 10 10.3

6.3.2.3 Relative Light Captured by Imperata Under Hedgerows

The relative light capture of Imperata was greatly reduced under G. arborea trees.
At a canopy width of 1.0 m, the relative light capture of Imperata was reduced to
nearly zero (under both hedgerow spacing treatments). Under the E. deglupta