The Adoption of Smallholder Rubber Production by Shifting Cultivators in Northern Laos: A Village Case Study - Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services - page 118

Table 5.2 Distribution of land holdings in Hadyao
Number of plots Households

(number) (%)

1 2 2.1

2 22 23.2

3 27 28.4

4 21 22.1

5 17 17.9

6 3 3.2

7 2 2.1

8 1 1.1

Total 95 100.0

Table 5.3 Tenure status and location of land cultivated by Hadyao households
Land tenure status Location of cultivated land Total

Inside village Outside village Both inside

territory territory and outside

Land use rights to all plots 51 5 20 76

At least one plot borrowed
or rented 12 0 7 19

Total households 63 5 27 95

Table 5.4 No. of rice-growing households by location and type of rice cultivation
Type of rice cultivation Location of rice cultivation Total

Only inside Only outside Both inside

village territory village territory and outside

Only upland 35 16 1 52

Only lowland 1 17 1 19

Both 0 4 7 11

Total 36 37 9 82

5.5 Rice Cultivation

Rice cultivation has been the main livelihood activity of villagers in Hadyao.
Farmers normally grow upland rice for subsistence on sloping land by shifting cul-
tivation; however, some with flat land grow rainfed lowland rice as well. In 2004,
86 percent of households in Hadyao cultivated upland rice and/or lowland rice
(Table 5.4). As noted, the land available for upland rice cultivation has been
decreasing since the advent of rubber planting, hence many farmers grew upland
rice in another village territory. Indeed, 45 percent grew rice only in another village's
lands. In 2004 about 39 percent of rice-growing households intercropped rice in
their immature rubber plantations and in 22 percent of cases intercropping was the
only mode of rice cultivation.