Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
A large number of maesopsis (Maesopsis eminii Engl.), locally called african
timber (kayu afrika), exist in dudukuhans compared to other tree species. Maesopsis
is more common at higher elevations and accounts for 34.6% of all trees in Curung
Bitung village. The high occurrence of maesopsis causes the tree diversity value for
Curug Bitung village to be lower than the values for the other sample villages, even
though the number of tree species in Curug Bitung village was higher than either
Cisarua or Parakan Muncang villages. Table 4.1 shows that the number of fruit tree
species is higher than timber tree species in all sampled villages. The number of trees
(per hectare) for fruit tree species in Parakan Muncang village were higher than in
Curug Bitung and Cisarua villages. But the number of timber trees (per hectare) in
Curug Bitung and Cisarua villages were higher than in Parakan Muncang village.
Tree species diversity is highest in mixed fruit-timber systems, followed by
mixed fruit-timber-banana-annual crops systems, fallow systems and then timber
systems; the number of trees per hectare is highest in fruit-timber-banana-annual
crops systems, followed by timber systems, mixed fruit-timber systems and fallow
systems (Table 4.2). Average tree basal area is: 15.2 m 2 ha −1 for mixed fruit-timber
systems, 12.3 m 2 ha −1 for mixed fruit-timber-banana-annual crops systems, 9.3 m 2
ha −1 for timber systems, and 6.6 m 2 ha −1 for fallow systems.
The differences in species and tree number per hectare influences the tree diver-
sity value for each dudukuhan system type. Shannon-Weiner Index (H') for each
dudukuhan system are: 1.31 for mixed fruit-timber systems, 1.18 for mixed fruit-
timber-banana-annual crops systems, 1.10 for fallow systems and 0.44 for timber
systems. The T-test results for tree diversity show significant differences between
the timber systems and both the mixed fruit-timber-banana-annual crop systems
and the mixed fruit-timber systems at the 1% level. The differences between the
fallow systems and all other systems are significant at the 5% level. There is no
significant difference in tree diversity of between mixed fruit-timber-banana-annual
crops systems and mixed fruit-timber systems,
The ten most common tree species in dudukuhan systems are: Musa sp. (26.8%
of total trees), Maesopsis eminii Engl. (22.1%), Paraserienthes falcataria (L.)
Nielsen (14.4%), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (4.0%), Schima wallichii Noronha
(3.8%), Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) Nielsen (3.6%), Nephelium lappaceum
L. (3.3%), Euodia latifolia DC. (2.9%), Parkia speciosa Hassk (2.2%), and
Mangifera odorata Griff (1.7%). Additionally, Durio zibethinus Murr is the twelfth
most common species, accounts for 1.5% of all trees in dudukuhan systems and has
a very big market demand at the village, district and provincial levels.
Table 4.1 Tree species composition by village
Trees
Cisarua
Curug Bitung
Parakan Muncang
Species Trees/ha Trees/ha
(%)
Species
Trees/ha Trees/ha (%) Species Trees/ha Trees/ha
(%)
Fruit
17
158
38.3
20
229
40.5
20
476
71.0
Timber 12
254
61.7
16
336
59.5
10
194
29.0
Total
29
412
36
565
30
670
 
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