Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
manner is more important and so the logistics network is designed mainly based
on delivery time requirements.
Since the organ cannot be stored, DCs or warehouses are not considered in
the distribution network. Once an organ is donated, a search is conducted for the
recipient with the best match and then the organ is transported to the hospital of the
recipient. The most important aspect is to find the best match and send the organ in a
timely manner so that the donated organ (which is definitely a very scarce resource)
is not wasted. Search for potential recipients and organ transportation are under the
jurisdiction of regional coordination centers (RCCs) operated by the government.
Each RCC is responsible for a region, and any organ donated to an RCC is usually
transferred into a recipient's body in the same region.
In this context, the LND problem consists of finding the best locations for
RCCs so that the regions covered by them are balanced in terms of their donor-
recipient ratio and the transportation of organs in each region is possible within
the ischemia time. For this type of networks, donors represent the supply side and
the hospitals performing organ transplants (and where the recipients are registered)
are the demand points. Examples of this type of centralized organ transportation
networks include Bruni et al. (
2006
), Kong et al. (
2010
), Beliën et al. (
2013
), and
Çay and Kara (
2014
). We remark that in this application area the location of an RCC
mainly determines a region. Shipment consolidation at an RCC is not allowed since
the transportation of an organ from a donor to a recipient is a dedicated trip carried
out, for example, by helicopter.
16.4.4
Reverse Logistics Network Design for Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive of the European
Commission (2002/96/EC) sets collection, recovery, and recycling targets for all
types of electrical and electronic goods. The achievement of the targets for each
product category is calculated according to the total amount of WEEE that goes
through specific recovery options. Original equipment manufacturers are held
responsible for financing the collection, treatment, recovery, and disposal of their
products.
The Directive enforces a separate collection for WEEE. For this purpose,
appropriate facilities should be set up for collection. These facilities accumulate the
returns, either dropped off by the product holders or picked up by the collectors.
After collection, the returns can be sent to recycling and proper disposal, or to
inspection and disassembly centers. The inspected products can be disassembled
into components in these centers or sold to external facilities. The returns that are
deemed non-remanufacturable through inspection are recycled or disposed of. In the
event that the original equipment manufacturer decides to establish remanufacturing
