Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Intervention and Attendance
The NGO conducted 210 community events and 4,385 motivational household visits
in intervention communities; 3,060 visits occurred in the households with children <5
year followed up and analyzed for the study, and 1,325 household visits took place in
homes that were not taking part in the study. Study households attended a median of
nine community events (IQR = 5 - 12) and were visited by the SODIS-program team
a median 11 times at home (IQR = 7 - 18). To ensure a sufficient number of PET
bottles, the NGO provided as many SODIS-bottles as required by participants (mean
955 bottles/community).
Diarrheal Illness in the Control and Intervention Arm
Children in the SODIS-intervention arm reported a total of 808 episodes or a mean of
3.6 per child per year-at-risk (Table 2). In the control arm there were 887 episodes and
an annual mean of 4.3 per child per year. In both arms median length of episodes was 3
d. The unadjusted RR estimate (0.81, 95% CI 0.59-1.12) suggested no statistically sig-
nificant difference in the number of diarrhea episodes between the SODIS and control
arms of the study (Table 3). In an analysis of the longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea
we found no significant treatment effect (odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.66-1.29).
Furthermore, no strong evidence was detected for the reduction of odds of SD cases
(OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.51-1.63) and dysentery (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.55-1.17).
Table 2. Diarrhea episodes, length of illness, and days ill with diarrhea.
Health Condition
Class or Parameter
n
Control
n
Intervention
Diarrhoea illness overview
Children
Children
Days under observation
Median (Q1, 03)
349
263 (213, 274)
376
263 (222, 273)
Days at risk
Median (Q1, 03)
349
246 (192, 265)
376
247 (202, 265)
n Episodes
Median (Q1, 03)
349
1 (0, 3)
376
1 (0, 3)
n Dysentery episodes
Median (Q1, 03)
349
1 (0, 2)
376
1 (0, 2)
Days spent ill
Median (Q1, 03)
349
4 (0, 11)
376
4 (0, 12)
Episode length (d)
Median (Q1, 03)
349
3 (1, 5)
376
3 (2, 5)
Days under observation
Total
79,829
87,140
Days at risk
Total
75,077
82,682
n Episodes
Total
887
808
n Dysentery episodes
Total
460
431
Days spent ill
Total
3,111
3,038
Diarrhoea incidence
Age class
Children
IR
Children IR
n Episodes/(child x year at risk)
< 1
16
7.8
15
11.1
1-2
67
7.1
70
5.5
2-3
67
4.3
82
3.8
3-4
77
3.2
75
2.8
4-5
71
3.4
80
2.1
5-6
50
2.7
53
2.5
Total a
349
4.3
376
3.6
 
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