Solar Drinking Water Disinfection (SODIS) to Reduce Childhood Diarrhea - Recent Advances and Issues in Environmental Science - page 195

Table 1. (Continued)

Category Description n Chil-

dren or
House-
holds

Control 11
Clusters

n Chil-
dren or
House-
holds

Interven-
tion 11
Clusters

Water
manage-
ment

Spring as source of drinking water N=208 100 (48.1) N=228 136 (59.6)

Tap as source of drinking water − 108 (51.9) − 129 (56.6)

River as source of drinking water − 46 (22.1) − 29 (12.7)

Rain as source of drinking water − 31 (14.9) − 71 (31.1)

Dug well as source of drinking water − 31 (14.9) − 37 (16.2)

Distance to water source (m) [median (Q1, Q3)] − 50 (7.5, 1 00) − 30 (6, 150)

Container for water collection: plastic bucket − 189 (90.9) − 205 (89.9)

Container for water collection: jerry can − 165 (79.3) − 156 (68.4)

Container for water collection: bottles − 32 (15.4) − 36 (15.8)

Container for water collection: jar/ pitcher − 13 (6.3) − 20 (8.8)

Container for water collection: barrel − 10 (4.8) − 25 (10.9)

Child's consumption of untreated water (glasses/
day) [mean (SD)]

M=318 1.2 (1.2) M=359 1.2 (1.4)

Treat water before drinking N=208 59 (28.4) N=228 67 (29.4)

Store water for > 2 d − 29 (13.9) − 61 (26.8)

Water storage container: jerry can − 23(11.1) − 49 (21.5)

Water storage container: plastic bucket − 17 (8.2) − 37 (16.2)

Water turbidity in water storage container > 30
NTU

− 13 (11.2) − 24 (18.8)

Sanitation

Reported n of interviewee's hand washing per
day [mean (SD)]

N=177 3.8 (1.7) N=200 4.1 (1.8)

Reported n of child hand washing per day [mean
(SD)]

M=348 2.5 (1.2) M=376 2.6 (1.4)

Child washes hands: before eating − 228 (65.5) − 270 (71.8)

Child washes hands: when hands are dirty − 62 (17.8) − 56 (14.9)

Child washes hands: other occasions − 58 (16.7) − 50 (13.3)

Latrine present N=208 27 (13.0) N=228 38 (16.7)

Use of latrine by the interviewee (day or night) − 15 (7.2) − 20 (8.8)

Feces visible in yard N=202 121 (59.9) N=219 124 (56.6)

Data shows numbers and percentages unless otherwise specifi ed. Baseline data from December 2004. Abbreviations:
30NTU, threshold for effi cacious pathogen-inactivation of the SODIS method; M, number of children; N, number of
households; NTU, nephelometric units; SD, standard deviation.
doi:1 0.1371/"ournal. med.1 000125.t001