Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2. Prevalence odds ratio for congenital anomalies according to maternal exposure to emissions
of the municipal solid waste incinerator of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, 1998-2006.
Entire study period
Operation period
Shut-down period
Cases%
(n)
Controls%
(n)
OR
(95% Cl)
Cases%
(n)
Con-
trols% (n)
OR
(95% Cl)
Cas-
es%
(n)
Con-
trols% (n)
OR
(95% Cl)
All abnormalities
A area
(low expo-
sure)
89.0
(203)
90.4 (206)
1.00
(referent)
91.6
(119)
89.2 (116)
1.00
(referent)
83.5
(71)
90.6 (77)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
B area
(medium
exposure)
7.9
(18)
5.3 (12)
1.55
(0.67-
3.56)
6.1 (8)
5.4 (7)
1.10
(0.39-
3.06)
11.8 (1
0)
5.9 (5)
3.17
(0.65-
15.46)
C area
(high
exposure)
3.1 (7)
4.3 (10)
0.67
(0.25-1
.77)
2.3 (3)
5.4 (7)
0.41 (0.
11-1.61)
4.7 (4)
3.5 (3)
1.30
(0.29-
5.82)
P trend
0.883
P trend
0.321
P trend
0.308
Overall ex-
posed area
(B+C)
11.0
(25)
9.6 (22)
1.10
(0.59-
2.04)
8.4 (II)
10.8 (14)
0.76
(0.34-
1.69)
16.5
(14)
9.4 (8)
2.07
(0.71-
6.00)
Cardiovascular anomalies
A area
(low expo-
sure)
90.6
(87)
88.6 (85)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
94.9
(56)
83.0 (49)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
81.4
(26)
96.9 (31)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
B area
(medium
exposure)
6.3 (6)
6.3 (6)
0.94
(0.27-
3.31)
5.1 (3)
8.4 (5)
0.59 (0.
14-2.49)
9.3 (3)
3.1 (1)
_2
C area
(high
exposure)
3.1 (3)
5.2 (5)
0.58
(0.14-
2.45)
0.0 (0)
8.4 (5)
_2
9.3 (3)
0.0 (0)
_2
P trend
0.494
P trend
0.64 7
P trend 0.
996
Overall ex-
posed area
(B+C)
9.4(9)
11.5 (11)
0.76
(0.30-
1.96)
5.1 (3)
16.8 (10)
0.29
(0.08-
1.08)
18.8
(6)
3.1 (1)
_2
Nervous system defects
A area
(low expo-
sure)
95.7
(22)
87.0 (20)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
100.0
(13)
92.3 (12)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
88.9
(8)
77.8 (7)
1.00 (ref-
erent)
B area
(medium
exposure)
4.3 (I)
0.0 (0)
_2
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
_2
1 1.1
(1)
0.0 (0)
_2
C area
(high
exposure)
0.0 (0)
13.0 (3)
0.0 (0)
7.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
22.2 (2)
_2
_2
_2
P trend
0.200
P trend 0.
995
P trend
0.354
Overall ex-
posed area
(B+C)
4.3 (1)
13.0 (3)
0.31
(0.03-
3.1 I)
0.0 (0)
7.7 (1)
_2
1 1.1
(1)
22.2 (2)
0.50
(0.05-
5.51)
1 Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confi dence interval (CI) computed with conditional logistic regression
2 No point estimate could be computed
 
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