Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
radon gas, and materials that are good conductors can strengthen the low fre-
quency magnetic fields in the building. Radioactive radiation can cause cancer. It
is also assumed that low frequency radiation can cause sickness, reduction of
potency and in some cases, cancer.
Physical encroachment of nature
This leads to a worsening of the quality of life in the area, and a loss of bio-diver-
sity. A variety of species is necessary to maintain the ecosystem. At the moment,
we know very little about the interdependence of these factors. The 'hindsight'
principle is often used, only to find that what seemed to be a small encroachment
has had disastrous effects. Most assaults on nature are in conjunction with efforts
to obtain raw materials.
Genetic pollution
Genetically manipulated plant species are now being used in agriculture and
forestry to increase production and improve resistance to cold, mould and
insects. The goals are often environmentally legitimate, e.g. in order to reduce the
use of pesticides. But this must still be regarded as hazardous. We know that gen-
erally every change that occurs in a natural species which gives them a defensive
advantage also affects that species' environment.
Reduction of pollution in the production stage
Reduction in the use of fossil fuels during extraction and production processing
of building materials. This also means a reduction in transport. The possibilities
of using renewable energy sources such as solar-wind, hydro-power and bio-
mass should be investigated, and priority given to manufacturing processes and
materials which put these principles into practice. As far as the heating of fur-
naces and operations involving pressure are concerned, in combination with
mechanical processes it should be possible to work without electricity.
Careful use of natural resources
An increased use of materials that involve less environmentally-damaging meth-
ods of extraction and production would entail an increased use of renewable
resources and recycled materials.
More efficient purification of industrial waste
There are plenty of possibilities in this area. It is even possible, in some cases, to
reprocess waste for the manufacture of new products. Sulphur can be removed
