Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 17.2:
continued
Type of adhesive
Main constituents
Water- Areas of use
proof
scale
(1)
Sulphite lye adhesive
Lye from waste, water
3
Fibreboard, building paper and
linoleum
Ceramic tiles, linoleum
Natural rubber
adhesive
Natural resin
adhesive
Natural rubber or recycled
rubber, organic solvents
Lignin or shellac or copal,
possibly organic solvents or
water
4
4
Linoleum, timber
Animal glues:
Animal glue
Protein from tissue, possibly
calcium chloride, water
Milk protein, lime, possibly
fungicide, water
Blood protein, ammonia,
hydrated lime, possible
fungicide, water
3
Veneer, furniture
Casein glue
4
Plywood, laminated timber
Blood albumin glue
4
Veneer
Notes:
(1) Sensitivity to moisture is divided into a scale from 1 to 5:
5: For outdoor use
4: Outdoor use, but sheltered from rain
3: Indoor use, in relatively dry places
2: Indoor use, in permanently dry situations.
(2) When chrome compounds are added.
came into production around 1930 and today are used across the whole indus-
try. There are between 100 and 300 different building adhesives available on the
market. A normal Swedish home contains about 700 litres of adhesive, either as
pure adhesive or as part of other products.
Filler came into use well into the twentieth century when smooth, even sur-
faces were required. Fillers differ from putty in that they harden and do not
retain any elasticity. Adhesives and fillers used inside buildings in their soft state
can cause considerable problems in the indoor climate during their hardening
period, and sometimes even afterwards.
Glued components have very little relation to re-use strategy, as the possibili-
ties of dismantling are few. Both adhesives and fillers pollute their products in
such a way that possibilities for recycling and energy recycling are also greatly
reduced.
Adhesives are usually divided into mineral adhesives, synthetic resins, ani-
mal adhesives and plant adhesives. Fillers are produced on the same basis as
