Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 17.1: Mortars used for masonry
Mortar
Materials and
Properties
Areas of use
proportions
Lime
Lime: 1
Sand: 2/3
Water
Elastic, medium strength, not very
resistant to water and frost, quick-
drying, balances relative humidity
well
Internal laying of bricks,
stone, expanded clay blocks,
brick floors, render
Hydraulic
lime
Hydraulic
lime: 1
Sand: 2/4
Water
Hydraulic, medium strength,
elastic, frost-resistant, balances
relative humidity, quick-drying
All types of internal and
external masonry, render
Portland
cement
Cement: 1
Sand: 3/4
Water
Hydraulic, strong not so elastic,
frost-resistant, low moisture
absorption, slow-drying
Internal and external laying
of tiles, render
Lime cement
Lime: 1 1 2
Cement:
2/1/1
Sand:
10/7/11
Water
Hydraulic, medium strength to
strong, elastic, frost-resistant,
medium moisture absorption,
medium-slow-drying
All types of internal and
external masonry, render
Anhydrite
and gypsum
Gypsum: 1
Sand: 1/3
Water
Elastic, weak, not very resistant to
water and frost, balances relative
humidity well, quick-drying
Smaller internal walls,
internal render/plaster, and
external render
Clay
Clay: 5
Sand: 1
Water
Elastic, weak, not very resistant to
water and frost, balances relative
humidity well, quick-drying
Laying of earth blocks and
low-fired brick
Sulphur
Sulphur
Elastic, medium strength, medium
resistance to frost, watertight
Laying of sulphur blocks and
bricks
hemp, sisal, jute or animal hair can be used, with a fine aggregate of granulated
and foamed recycled glass, perlite, vermiculite or similar materials, added to
increase the insulation value. In certain modern mortar mixtures extra additives
provide elasticity, watertightness, etc. Lime cement mortar is often made using
additives that bring air into the mix, giving it a waterproofing quality. (See also
'Additives in cement', p. 97.)
Aggregates must not react chemically with any other materials in the mortar,
nor take an active part in the solidifying or curing of the mortar. Water used in
lime and cement mortars should be fresh and must not contain salt, sulphur or
other substances that can break down the mixture.
 
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