Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 14.3:
The use of non-metallic mineral climatic products in building
Material
Composition
Areas of use
Fossil meal, loose
Perlite, expanded, loose
Fossil meal
Perlite (possibly with bitumen or
silicon)
Vermiculite
Thermal insulation
Thermal insulation
Vermiculite, expanded,
loose
Aerated concrete
Thermal insulation
Cement, water, lime, gypsum,
quartz, aluminium powder
Thermal storage insulation
balancing of humidity,
construction
Thermal insulation construction
Lightweight concrete
with mineral aggregate
Cement water, with fossil meal,
expanded perlite, expanded
vermiculite, expanded clay, pumice
or expanded blast furnace slag
Cement, water, with wood chips and
saw dust, hacked straw or cellulose
fibre
Lime, water, sand
Lightweight concrete
with organic aggregate
Thermal insulation, thermal
storage, balancing of relative
humidity, construction
Balancing of relative humidity,
thermal storage, moisture barrier
Balancing of relative humidity,
moisture barrier, wind-proofing,
sound-proofing
Damp-proofing, construction
Transparent thermal insulation
Thermal insulation, thermal
storage, vapour barrier
Thermal insulation, sound
absorption
Thermal insulation, sound
absorption, sound insulation
Waterproofing
Lime-mortar products
(1)
Gypsum products
Gypsum, water (possible addition of
silicones, starch and covered with a
layer of thin cellulose cardboard)
Sulphur
Calcium silicate, hydrochloric acid
Quartz, boron oxide, aluminium
oxide, soda, lime
Quartz sand, phenol glue, aliphatic
mineral oils
Diabase, limestone, phenol glue,
aliphatic mineral oils
Montmorillonite (can be placed
between two layers of cellulose
paper)
Sulphur concrete
(1)
Quartz foam (Aerogel)
Foamglass
Glasswool
Rockwool
Montmorillonite
Note:
(1) These materials are discussed in other chapters.
Most mineral insulation products have weak wind-proofing qualities, and
require a separate membrane or skin such as render, timber panelling, or the
equivalent.
Montmorillonite is a clay mineral well-suited to waterproofing because of its
high moisture absorption coefficient. Render containing sulphur also has a high
waterproofing quality.
These climatic products are based on materials from resources with rich
reserves. What they nearly all have in common is that their extraction causes a
large impact on nature, damaging the groundwater and biotopes. The more
