Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.3
Native and engineered human insulin preparations that have gained approval for general medical
use. Reproduced in updated form with permission from: Walsh, G. 2005. Therapeutic insulins and their large-scale
manufacture.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
,
67
, 151-159
Product
Description
Structure
Company
Approved
Recombinant products
of native human
insulin sequence
Humulin
Recombinant human insulin
produced in
E. coli
Identical to native human
insulin
Eli Lilly
1982
(USA)
Novolin
Recombinant human
insulin produced in
S. cerevisiae
Identical to native human
insulin
Novo Nordisk
1991
(USA)
Insuman
Recombinant human insulin
produced in
E. coli
Identical to native human
insulin
Hoechst AG
1997
(EU)
Actrapid/Velosulin/
Monotard/
Insulatard/
Protaphane/
Mixtard/
Actraphane/
Ultratard
All contain recombinant
human insulin produced
in
S. cerevisiae
formulated as short/
intermediate/long
acting product)
Identical to native human
insulin
Novo Nordisk
2002
(EU)
Exubera
Recombinant human
insulin produced in
E.
coli
but administered via
the pulmonary route
Identical to native human
insulin
Pfi zer
2006
(USA)
Engineered insulins
Humalog (Insulin
lispro)
Recombinant short-acting
human insulin analogue
produced in
E. coli
Engineered: inversion
of native B28-B29
proline-lysine sequence
Eli Lilly
1996 (USA
and EU)
Liprolog (Insulin
lispro)
Recombinant short-acting
human insulin analogue
produced in
E. coli
Engineered: inversion
of native B28-B29
proline-lysine sequence
Eli Lilly
1997
(EU)
NovoRapid (Insulin
Aspart)
Recombinant short-
acting human insulin
analogue produced in
S.
cerevisiae
Engineered: B28 proline
replaced by aspartic acid
Novo Nordisk
1999
(EU)
Novolog (Insulin
Aspart)
Recombinant short-acting
human insulin analogue
produced in
S. cerevisiae
Engineered: B28 proline
replaced by aspartic acid
Novo Nordisk
2001
(USA)
Levemir (Insulin
detemir)
Recombinant long-
acting human insulin
analogue produced in
S.
cerevisiae
Engineered: devoid of B30
threonine and a C14
fatty acid is covalently
attached to B29 lysine
Novo Nordisk
2004
(EU)
Apidra (Insulin
Glulisine)
Recombinant rapid-
acting insulin analogue
produced in
E. coli
Engineered: B3 asparagine
is replaced by a lysine
and B29 lysine is replaced
by glutamic acid.
Avent is
pharmaceuticals
2004
(USA)
Lantus (Insulin
glargine;
optisulin)
Recombinant long-acting
human insulin analogue
produced in
E. coli
Engineered: A 21 asparagine
replaced by glycine and
B chain elongated by two
arginines
Avent is
pharmaceuticals
2000 (USA
and EU)
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