Sources and upstream processing - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Concepts and Aapplications - page 131

bioreactor is suffi cient to maintain the beads in suspension and evenly distributed throughout the
media. Anchorage-dependent cells can attach to and grow on the beads' outer surface/outer pores.
Overall, therefore, the routine manufacture of a biopharmaceutical product is initiated by large-
scale culture of its producing cell line (upstream processing). Subsequent to this, the product is re-
covered, purifi ed and formulated into fi nal product format. These latter operations are collectively
termed downstream processing and are described in Chapter 6.
Further reading
Books
Butler, M. 1996. Animal Cell Culture and Technology . The basics . IRL Press.
Flickinger, M. 1999. The Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology . Wiley.
Fresheny, I. (ed.). 2006. Animal Cell Culture, a Practical Approach . IRL Press.
Grindley, J. and Ogden, J. 2000. Understanding Biopharmaceuticals. Manufacturing and Regulatory Issues .
Interpharm Press.
Merten, O.-W., Mattanovich, D., Lang, C., Larsson, G., Neubauer, P., Porro, D., Postma, P., Teixeira de Mattos, J.,
and Cole, J.A. Recombinant Protein Production with Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: A Comparative View
on Host Physiology ? Kluwer.
Oxender, D. and Post, L. 1999. Novel Therapeutics from Modern Biotechnology . Springer Verlag.
Ozturk, S. and Hu, W.S. (eds). 2006. Cell Culture Technology for Pharmaceutical and Cell-based Therapies .
Taylor and Francis.
Vinci, V. and Parekh, S. 2003. Handbook of Industrial Cell Culture . Humana Press.
Articles
Baneyx, F. 1999. Recombinant protein expression in E. coli . Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10 , 411-421.
Butler, M. 2005. Animal cell cultures: recent achievements and perspectives in the production of biopharmaceu-
ticals. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 68 , 283-291.
Carrio, M. and Villaverde, A. 2002. Construction and deconstruction of bacterial inclusion bodies. Journal of
Biotechnology 96 (1), 3-12.
Chen, M., Liu, X., Wang, Z., Qi, Q., and Wang, P.G. 2005. Modifi cation of plant N -glycan processing: the future
of producing therapeutic protein by transgenic plants. Medical Research Reviews 25 (3), 343-360.
Datar, R.V. Cartwright, T., and Rosen, C.G. 1993. Process economics of animal cell and bacterial fermentations:
a case study analysis of tissue plasminogen activator. Bio/Technology 11 , 340-357.
Dyck, M.K., Gagne, D., Ouellet, M., Senechal, J.-F., Belanger, E., Lacroix, D., Sirard, M.-A., and Pothier, F.
1999. Seminal vesicle production and secretion of growth hormone into seminal fl uid. Nature Biotechnology
17 , 1087-1090.
Fischer, R., Emans, N., Schuster, F., Hellwig, S., and Drossard, J. 1999. Towards molecular farming in the future:
using plant cell suspension cultures as bioreactors. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 30 , 109-112.
Gomord, W., Chamberlain, P., Jefferis, R., and Faye, L. 2005. Biopharmaceutical production in plants: problems,
solutions and opportunities. Trends in Biotechnology 23 (11), 559-565.
Grengross, T. 2004. Advances in the production of human therapeutic proteins in yeasts and fi lamentous fungi.
Nature Biotechnology 22 (11), 1409-1414.
Helmrich, A. and Barnes, D. 1998. Animal cell culture equipment and techniques. Methods in Cell Biology 57 ,
3-17.