Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
both increase and decrease joint stresses. Obesity increases knee adduction
moments and diurnal cartilage tissue strain, although overall physical activity
levels are greatly reduced. The protective versus damaging effects of decreased
physical activity and altered joint loading associated with obesity are not well
defined. Physiologic joint loading reduces the catabolic effects of inflammation,
possibly by increasing cellular antioxidant defense pathways. Thus, the low levels
of physical activity may make joint tissues more susceptible to the catabolic effects
of inflammation associated with obesity. An important challenge for future
research is to integrate quantitative measures of systemic and local inflammation
with biomechanical exposure data, including local tissue strain magnitudes, strain
rates, and loading duration. Mechanotransduction signals are intricately linked
with inflammatory pathways and redox-based secondary messengers. Therefore, a
better understanding of how physiologic and pathophysiologic biomechanical
forces modify these signals under obesity and aging conditions is expected to lead
to new therapeutic approaches for treating and ultimately preventing OA.
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