Excessive Weight Bearing Compromises Foot Structure and Function Across the Lifespan - The Mechanobiology of Obesity and Related Diseases - page 153

Table 1 Studies that have investigated the effects of obesity on foot structure and function in
school-aged children
Variables Participants Results Reference

Footprint angle (FA)
and chippaux-
smirak index (CSI)

62 obese and 62 non-
obese children
(8.5 ± 0.5 years)

Obese children had a significantly
; FA and : CSI than non-obese
children

[ 55 ]

Footprint angle and
CSI

13 obese
(8.1 ± 1.2 years)
and 13 non-obese
(8.4 ± 0.9 years)

Obese children had a significantly
; FA and : CSI than their non-
obese counterparts

[ 62 ]

Footprint angle and
CSI

1024 (5-13 years) Obese children had a significantly

; FA and : CSI than their non-
obese counterparts

[ 57 ]

Podographic
photographs

243 (8-10 years) Significantly more obese children

had flat feet

[ 63 ]

Arch index (AI) and
navicular height

15 obese and 257 non-
obese children
(5.5-10.9 years)

Obese children had a significantly
: AI than non-obese children,
but no difference in navicular
height

[ 64 ]

Foot measures from
3D scanner

2887 (2-14 years: 1450
boys)

Overweight children had flat,
robust feet, underweight
children had long slender feet

[ 51 ]

Footprint analysis 2083 (7-12 years) Flat foot; 75 % obese, 65 %

overweight, 57 % normal
weight, 48 % underweight. Flat
feet ; with age

[ 65 ]

Foot and leg
anthropometry

10 obese and 10 non-
obese age matched
children
(8.8 ± 2 years)

Obese children had significantly
larger foot and leg
measurements on 17/26
variables than non-obese
children

[ 66 ]

Foot anthropometry 70 obese and 70 non-

obese age, sex-
matched
(8.3 ± 1 years)

9 of 10 variables were significantly
different between groups

[ 67 ]

Flat feet and foot
anthropometry

1024 (549 boys:
5-13 years)

Flat feet; 56 % obese, 31 % over-
weight, 25 % normal-weight.
Differences between obese and
non-obese children for most
foot dimensions

[ 57 ]

Plantar pressures 125 (6-10 years) Obesity significantly influenced

pressures generated beneath the
feet

[ 42 ]

Plantar pressures 13 obese

(8.1 ± 1.2 years)
and 13 non-obese
children
(8.4 ± 0.9 years)

Forefoot pressures of obese
children were significantly :
than non-obese children

[ 62 ]

Plantar pressure 252 (8.1 ± 1.0 years,

112 boys)

Forefoot and midfoot pressures of
obese children were
significantly : than non-obese
children

[ 68 ]