A CHRONOLOGY OF CENTRAL ASIA - Tourism in Central Asia: Cultural Potential and Challenges - page 348

1480 Ivan III throws off the Mongol yoke and proclaims himself Czar

of Russia.

1480-1511 Burunduq Khan attempts to unite the Kazaks under his sover-

eignty.

1490 Abu'l-Khayr Khan's cousin at Astrakhan, Muhammed Shayba-

nid, defeats the Kazak Khan, Burunduq, and becomes the leader
of the city of Yes. He fights with the Timurids in order to unite
the Uzbeks.

1490+ The decline of the overland trade routes, including the Silk Road,

due to a new emphasis on trade by sea.

1497 Babur, the ruler of Ferghana, captures Samarkand.

1500 The Uzbeks capture Samarkand under Muhammad Shaybanid

Khan, thus taking over Transoxiana from the Timurids.

1502 The final collapse of the Golden Horde at the hands of the khan of

the Crimean Tatar Khanate.

1502 The beginning of the Safavid dynasty in Persia.

1504 Babur establishes himself in Kabul.

1505 Muhammed Shaybanid takes the Khwarezm capital, Urgench.

Later, the Shah of Persia, Shah Ismail invades.

1506 The Uzbeks capture Bukhara.

1507 The Uzbek Khan, Shaybanid, controls Kherat and announces

himself as caliph. Timurid sovereignty in Turkestan and the vicin-
ity comes to an end. The Uzbek Empire is established from the
Caspian Sea to Eastern Turkestan.

1508 Chagatayid sovereignty in Eastern Turkestan comes to an end

with the execution of Sultan Ahmed Khan after his defeat by the
Uzbeks. Eastern Turkestan breaks up.

1510 Muhammad Shaybanid Khan is killed in the Battle of Merv

against Shah Ismail, the Safavid ruler, resulting in the establish-
ment of the Shaybanid dynasty in Transoxiana, with the capital in
Samarkand, but political power increasingly centered in Bukhara.

1510-1920 Khiva Khanate in Khwarezm.

1511 The Khwarezm Uzbeks rebel against Persia. The choose Ilbars

as Khan.

1514 The Timurid Zahiruddin Babur, who was exiled from Turkestan

by the Uzbeks, establishes a Timurid Empire in India.

1514-1533 The rule of the Eastern Chagatayid Khan Sayid, under whom the

capital moves from Ili to Kashgar.

1516 The rise of the Khojas in Kashgar, later split into the Aq-Taghliqs

(whitecaps) and the Qara-Taghliqs (black-caps).