Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
1215
The Mongols invade northern China, besieging and sacking the
Jin capital of Yanjing (later known as Beijing).
1218
The Mongols capture Semirechye and the Tarim Basin, occupying
Kashgar and crushing the Qarakhitai.
1219
The execution of Mongol envoys by the Khwarezm Shah Muham-
mad sets in motion the first Mongol westward thrust.
1219
The Mongols cross the Jaxartes River (Syr Darya) and begin their
invasion of Transoxiana.
1220
The Mongols capture Bukhara and Samarkand, defeating the Kh-
warezmians.
1221
The Mongol conquest of Khurasan and Afghanistan.
1221
The Mongols control Gurgench, the capital of the Khwarezmshah
Empire. The collapse of the Khwarezmshah Empire. The Mon-
gols of Turkestan become subjects of the Chagatayid Nation.
1223-1224
The Mongols, in pursuit of the Khwarezm Shah, encounter the
Russians on the river Kalka, where they defeat them.
1227
The death of Chingiz Khan, resulting in the division of his em-
pire among his heirs, including Batu (the Kipchak Khanate, on
the Russian steppe) and Chagatai (The Chaghatayid Khanate, in
Transoxiana, the Tarim Basin, and Semirechye).
1236
The second Mongol westward thrust begins.
1236-1502
Batu Khan's Golden Horde Khanate.
1240
Kiev falls to the Mongols and Russia comes under the Mongol
yoke.
1242
The Mongols stop their westward advance at the gates of Vienna.
1243
The Mongols defeat the Seljuqs at the Battle of Kösedagh.
1249-1250
The establishment of the Kipchak Turkic Mamluke dynasty in
Egypt.
1256
The Mongol Il-Khanid dynasty is established in Iran under Hül-
egü.
1258
The Mongols destroy Baghdad and bring the Abbasid caliphate
to an end.
1260
The Mamlukes defeat the Mongols at the Battle of 'Ayn Jalut.
1260
The Kipchak Khanate divides into the White Horde and the Gold-
en Horde.
1260
The Mongol Yüan dynasty is established in China under Kublai
Khan.
1270
The Uighur Kingdom is defeated by rebels.
1284
The Uighur Kingdom is absorbed into the Chagatayid Khanate.
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