Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
As almost none of the Cluster 1 countries holds a place in the rankings of
14 competitiveness pillars, they can be described as disadvantageous.
More specifically, Cluster 1 countries should improve their environ-
mental sustainability by passing laws related to stringency and enforce-
ment of environmental regulations. Tougher environmental rules should
also be established regarding particulate matter concentration. Health and
hygiene conditions should be improved by increasing the degree of access
to improved sanitation and drinking water. On the other hand, Cluster 1
countries should improve the quality of air transport infrastructure and
international air transport network. They should also increase the number
of available international seat kilometers, departures per 1.000 population,
and the number of operating airlines. Cluster 1 countries bear the disad-
vantages of not possessing quality port infrastructure and adequate road
density. Any improvement in these conditions would improve the acces-
sibility of travelers to touristic attractions in different locations.
In terms of the tourism infrastructure pillar, we propose that Cluster
1 countries should invest to increase the number of hotel rooms because
of the big gap between both cluster countries' possession of hotel room
numbers. In these countries, the number of major car rental companies
and ATMs accepting VISA cards should be increased. ICT infrastructure
of Cluster 1 countries bear another disadvantageous position and should
be improved by investing in the Internet infrastructure, whether it is for
business or individual consumers. To attract more tourists, telephone lines
and mobile telephone infrastructure are other alternatives to invest in.
Because the tourism industry depends mainly on services provided by
human capital, Cluster 1 countries should pay greater attention to human
resources variables. In this context, education systems must be revised and
tourism-related schools must be established. Local availability of private
research and human resource consulting agencies must be fostered. Con-
sidering the natural resources pillar, Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 countries do
not possess good rankings and do not have statistically significant differ-
ences. To improve their conditions in this pillar, both clusters should have
comprehensive plans to increase the number of protected natural areas and
improve the quality of the natural environment. Cultural resources can be
considered as one of the major sources for attracting domestic and interna-
tional tourists. To establish a more attractive cultural environment, Cluster
1 countries should add more sport stadiums to their portfolios and organize
an increasing number of international fairs and exhibitions.
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