Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
These results show that Cluster 2 countries have a comparative ad-
vantage over Cluster 1 countries in most of the air transport infrastructure
variables except for
available domestic seat kilometers
and
airport den-
sity
variables. Because most of the tourism movements are realized by air
transport infrastructure, this pillar is expected to contribute to the attrac-
tiveness of Cluster 2 countries by providing travelers a higher number of
operating airlines and international flights in addition to the quality of air
transport infrastructure and network.
In terms of the ground transport infrastructure pillar, Cluster 2 coun-
tries have advantages in quality of port infrastructure
(Mean
1
= 3.49;
Mean
2
= 4.31; t = −2.200; p = 0.039)
and road density
(Mean
1
= 25.63;
Mean
2
= 99.91; t = −2.938; p = 0.008)
variables (see Table 5). The two
clusters did not show any statistically significant difference in quality of
roads, quality of railroad infrastructure, and quality of ground transport
network variables. These findings reveal that especially the road density
variable is expected to benefit more from tourism resources, such as sea,
mountains, rivers, lakes, rural sites, caves, etc., by improving accessibility
for travelers.
It can be observed from Table 5 that Cluster 2 countries have performed
better in all tourism infrastructure variables, namely hotel rooms
(Mean
1
= 0.17; Mean
2
= 1.23; t = −3.745; p = 0.001),
presence of major car
rental companies
(Mean
1
= 3.07; Mean
2
= 6.22; t = −4.345; p = 0.000)
,
and ATMs accepting VISA cards
(Mean
1
= 195.90; Mean
2
= 719.53; t =
−3.482; p = 0.002).
All these three variables are expected to increase the
chance for selecting from available alternatives and make it easy for trav-
elers to choose among. For instance, increasing the number of hotel rooms
might imply that travelers would choose from more alternatives in terms
of different types of hotels, prices, locations, and services.
Similar to the above mentioned T&T infrastructure results, Cluster 2
countries have a comparatively significant advantage in all the 5 ICT infra-
structure variables (see Table 5), which are extent of business Internet use
(Mean
1
= 4.45; Mean
2
= 5.33; t = −3.734; p = 0.001)
, number of Internet
users
(Mean
1
= 24.45; Mean
2
= 52.98; t = −4.659; p = 0.000)
, telephone
lines
(Mean
1
= 14.82; Mean
2
= 37.98; t = −6.275; p = 0.000)
, broad-
band Internet subscribers
(Mean
1
= 2.28; Mean
2
= 18.70; t = −7.010;
p = 0.000)
, and mobile telephone subscribers
(Mean
1
= 87.94; Mean
2
= 123.16; t = −2.544; p = 0.019)
. If a country improves its ICT infra-
structure, more travelers are expected to reach the required information
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