Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
drying; fulled cloth becomes compact and firm and its
yarn
and weave are
obscured, giving the appearance of
felt
.
fundamental particle
See
elementary particle
.
fur
The
skin
with
hair
or
wool
, of some animals; often also referred to as
pelt
.
furnace
An enclosed structure in which
material
s such as
mineral ores
,
metals
, or
glass
can be heated to high temperature so as to alter their physical properties, chemi-
cal composition, or both; see
kiln
and
oven
.
furnace, blast
A
furnace
used for
smelting
metal
ores
.
fusion
See
melting
.
fusion joining
A method for joining two pieces of
metal
or
alloy
by heating to, or
just below, the
melting point
.
fustic
A natural yellow
dye
derived from the
wood
of
Morus tinctoria
trees.
G
Abbreviation for
guanine
.
gall
An excrescent growth, also known as
gall nut
or
nut gall
, on certain oak trees
from Europe or sumac from China and Japan; they provide a source of black
dye
.
gall nut
See
gall
.
galvanic series
See
electrochemical potential
.
gamma decay
A process of
radioactive decay
during which
gamma rays
are emitted
from the
nuclei
of unstable
isotopes
.
gamma radiation
See
gamma rays
.
gamma rays
Highly penetrating
electromagnetic radiation
with
wavelengths
shorter
than 10
−10
(0.0000000001) m.
gamma-ray radiography
See
radiography
.
gangue
The valueless components of
metalliferous ores
.
garnet
Common name for a group of hard, complex
silicate minerals
, some varieties
of which are appreciated as a semiprecious
gemstones
; powdered garnet is an excel-
lent
abrasive
material.
gas
One of the three states of
matter
,
solid
,
liquid
, and
gas,
that, at constant temper-
ature has neither a stable volume nor a definite shape.
gas chromatography (GC)
See
chromatography
,
gas
.
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
See
chromatography
,
gas-mass
spectrometry
.
gather
In
glass
technology, a blob of hot, soft
glass
on the end of a
blowpipe
, prepara-
tory for shaping glass objects.
GC
Acronym for
gas chromatography
.
GC-MS
Acronym for
gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy
.
Geiger counter
A
detector
of
radiation
named after his developer, Hans Geiger.
gelatine
A purified form of
glue
.
gelatinous
A smooth, jellylike
substance
or
mixture
of substances with a relatively
high
viscosity
.
gemstone
A
mineral
or other natural
material
, such as a natural
glass
or an
organic
substance
, that is beautiful, rare, and durable enough to be used for personal adorn-
