Techniques, Technologies and Patents Related to Intelligent Educational Systems - E-Infrastructures and Technologies for Lifelong Learning - page 24

Semantic Web is given well-defined meaning.
The Semantic Web offers advantages regarding
representation, search, retrieval and management
of resources as well as semantically richer mod-
eling of resources, applications and their users.
Semantic Web facilitates semantic interoperability
and reusability among different applications.
Therefore, an infrastructure for collaborating IESs
is provided enabling sharing and reuse of domain
and pedagogical knowledge as well as user models.
A key technology for Semantic Web towards that
direction is ontologies. Given that OWL is based
on a description logic (DL), DL-based reasoning
will play an important role in SWBIESs (Krdzavac,
Gasevic & Devedzic, 2004). The Semantic Web
offers technologies supporting more meaning-
ful representations of learners, learning goals,
learning content and contexts of its use, as well
as better access and navigation through learn-
ing resources (Aroyo & Dicheva, 2005). Such
technologies enable provision of more efficient/
flexible/personalized services to different IES user
types such as instructors, learners and authors.

increase importance of e-learning to lifelong
learners (Inoue, 2009).

REFERENCES

Alepis, E., Virvou, M., & Kabassi, K. (2007).
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Antonis, K., Lampsas, P., & Prentzas, J. (2008).
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Aroyo, L., & Dicheva, D. (2005). Preface. Pro-
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Semantic Web Technologies for E-Learning (SW-
EL'05) in conjunction with the 3rd International
Conference on Knowledge Capture , 2005.

CONCLUSION

Aroyo, L., Graesser, A., & Johnson, L. (2007).
Guest editors' introduction: intelligent educational
systems of the present and future. IEEE Intelligent
Systems , 22 (4), 20-21. doi:10.1109/MIS.2007.70

In this chapter, we briefly presented main tech-
nologies/techniques used in IESs and surveyed
various patents related to IESs. We focused on
the two main IES types: ITSs and AEHSs. We
categorized patents on IESs according to various
aspects and present relevant work. Finally, we
specified future developments concerning IESs.
E-learning and lifelong learning are becoming
increasingly popular everyday. Adaptation of e-
learning tasks to learner needs provides effective
lifelong learning experiences. IESs provide the
basis for enhancing lifelong learning by exploit-
ing AI methods that give solutions to various
online/offline tasks. Advances in (Semantic) Web
technologies are expected to intensify the benefits
of IESs. IESs may become a major vehicle for
getting knowledge throughout life as they will

Avouris, N., & Solomos, K. (2001). User interac-
tion with Web-based agents for distance learning.
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Babbitt, B. A., Sorensen, H. B., Bell, H. H., Elder,
D. S., & Crane, P. M. (2000). Intelligent flight
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