Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
representative patents on IES for each one of the
six types.
In (Johnson & Holder, 2003) the functional-
ity of buggy rules is augmented improving an
IES's handling of learner mistakes in a problem-
solving process. For this purpose, consistency
rules are employed targeting mistakes that can-
not be explained through application of buggy
rules. Buggy rules diagnose anticipated mistakes.
Consistency rules evaluate if a learner solution
violates domain principles. The approach enables
diagnosis of multiple errors in a solution. A full
diagnosis involves identification of all principles
violated (based on the list of violated consistency
Patents Involving General Purpose
Functionalities for IESs
Certain patents involve functions that can be ap-
plied to different types of IESs such as handling
learner mistakes in problem-solving by enhanc-
ing the typical buggy model (Johnson & Holder,
2003) and generation of customized tests (Ho &
Tong, 1998).
Table 5. Authoring tools/facilities provided by patents on IESs
Approach
Provision of Authoring Tools/Facilities
(Rajaram, 2006; Johnson & Holder, 2003; Johnson & Holder, 2008;
Babbitt et al., 2000; Ho & Tong, 1998; Heffernan & Koedinger, 2003;
Frasson & Gouarderes, 2002)
Not mentioned
Conversion of existing content to SCORM-compliant learn-
ing content
(Chakraborty, 2006)
(Mitry, 2001)
Learning content creation
(Beams & Harris, 2006; Beams & Harris, 2007; Heffernan & Koedinger,
2007, Bertrand, Zorba & Conant, 2002; Bertrand, O'Connor & Rosen-
feld, 2004; Bertrand & Nichols, 2006; Bertrand & Wills, 2008; Nichols,
2004; Lannert et al., 2006; Bertrand, Zorba & Conant, 2006; Nichols,
Gilchrist & Poon, 2006; Bloom et al., 1997)
Learning content creation and management of knowledge
bases
Authoring tools for learning content creation and manage-
ment of knowledge bases within a shell/generator
(Goodkovsky, 2004; Goodkovsky, 2006)
Table 6. Summary of representative patents on IES grouped by type
Patents
Type
Johnson & Holder, 2003; Ho & Tong, 1998)
Patents involving general purpose functionalities for IESs
(Heffernan & Koedinger, 2003; Heffernan &
Koedinger, 2007; Rajaram, 2006; Johnson & Holder,
2008)
Patents Emphasizing Learning Based on Question-And-Answer Dialogs
(Beams & Harris, 2006; Beams & Harris, 2007;
Babbitt et al. 2000; Bertrand, Zorba & Conant, 2002;
Bertrand, O'Connor & Rosenfeld, 2004; Bertrand
& Nichols, 2006; Bertrand & Wills, 2008; Nichols,
2004; Lannert, 2006; Bertrand, Zorba & Conant,
2006; Nichols, Gilchrist & Poon, 2006; Bloom et al.
1997; Mitry, 2001)
Patents involving IESs that teach with simulations
(Chakraborty, 2006)
Patents involving combinations of IES with LMS technologies
(Frasson & Gouarderes, 2002)
Patents concerning agent-based IESs
(Goodkovsky, 2004; Goodkovsky, 2006)
Patents regarding IES shells/generators
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