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their lifelong learning programs, would do well
to examine options for including a game-based
activity, or to redevelop an under-appreciated ac-
tivity by adding some gaming elements. A possible
starting point to do this is the pattern-based design
approach we presented here. The key criteria to
judge in game-based enhancements are apprecia-
tion and learning outcome. By using a systematic
approach it can be traced which pattern or which
combination of patterns have measurably posi-
tive effects - a method which will continuously
improve the research society's understanding of
why, how and when learning games work, or not.
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