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intermediate learners, but Mario, Lisa and John
are advanced, as in Scenario 4.
Definition 25: A user group ug
This can be used to recommend other related users
during adaptation.
Constraint 6: Each user concept is required to
have a minimal set of (standard) attributes, UA min
( UA
UL of a
user uc
UC is a special kind of user model link,
where S = {uc}, W =
, L = {group-name}, where
group-name is the name of the user group, and E
= {ui | ui
).
Example: Read and write roles should be
defined with default values.
UA min
UC , ui is a user concept in the group
labelled group-name}.
For simplification from the implementation
point of view, however, the following definition
is used.
Definition 26: The groups of a user gu
i∈
Physical Device Model
The Environment Model in Figure 2 can be
demonstrated by one of its most important sub-
models, the Physical Device Model. The other
environment models (network model, external
environment model), and even the presentation
model (which has the role to decide what, where
and how something is being shown to the user)
can be defined in similar way.
Definition 29: The physical device model
PDM is formed by the set of all physical device
maps ( PDM
UA
is a special kind of user model concept attribute,
where type = “group” and val a set of groups that
the user belongs to.
Example: A learner can join different groups,
such as ALS group, Warwick group (see Figure
4), and in each of these groups, the learner can
have different roles, as defined next. The definition
above also allows for a user to create new groups
directly, or have an administrator - or teacher -
create the groups for them. Mary, Jane and Bob
form a group in Scenario 2, and in Scenario 4,
first Sara, Jessica and Mario form a group, which
is disbanded based on the recommendation of the
system, in order to form the group of John, Lisa
and Mario.
Definition 27: A user role attribute ur
CM ), containing all information
(resources and links between them) of machine
types on which the presentation is performed:
the set of all physical device concepts PDC
C , the set of all physical device links PDL
L,
and the set of all attributes describing machines
PDA
A .
Example: Types of physical device media can
be PDA, Desktop Computers, Laptops, etc. There
is a need to adapt to the nature of this media, even
if the user (learner, author, teacher) is the same,
as different screen sizes can affect the informa-
tion transmitted.
Definition 30: A physical device concept pc
UA
is special kind of user model concept attribute,
<id uc , “role”, type, val> where id uc is an identi-
fier for user uc, “role” is the name of the main
user model attribute, type is the name of the role
attribute, and val is the value (contents) of the
role attribute.
Example: The role can be defined as key-
value pairs, such as, read = 1, edit = 0, tag = 1,
etc. Please note this user model concept attribute
uses nested attributes.
Definition 28: A user subscriber us
PDC is defined by the tuple <pm, PA >, where
pm is the presentation media, and PA
is a set
of PDM attributes.
Example: A PDA is a physical presentation
media device. The attributes are defined below.
Definition 31: A physical device attribute pa
UL of
a user uc
UC is a special kind of user model
link, where S = {uc}, W =
, L = {subscribers}
PDA of a physical device item is a tuple <type,
val>, where type is the name of a particular type
attribute, and val is the value (contents) of the
type attribute.
and E = { ui | ui
UC , ui is a subscriber to uc}.
Example: A learner can subscribe to different
users, who share same interests, same topics, etc.
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