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Economic crises' and 'Famous financial crises in
history', both marked as intermediate.
Definition 15:
A
goal and constraints concept
Definition 18:
A
goal and constraints concept
attribute
ga2
GA
is a tuple <id
gc
,
type, val>
where id
gc
is an
identifier
for concept gc, type is
the name of the GM attribute; and val is the value
(contents) of the GM attribute.
Example: The goal and constraints item “Bank-
ing crises”, can have, for example, an attribute
of type 'label' with values of 'visual' or 'verbal',
which can be used in adapting this item in this
case to a visual or to a verbal learning strategy
respectively.
Constraint 3:
Each goal and constraints item
is required to have a
minimal set of (standard)
attributes,
GA
min
(
GA
∈
gc
GC
is defined by the tuple <M
gc
,
i
gc
,
GA
gc
,
GL
gc
> where M
gc
∈
GM
is the goal map the goal
model concept belongs to, i
gc
is a domain concept
identifier,
GA
gc
∈
GA
is a set of goal model concept
attributes; and
GL
gc
∈
GL
is a set of goal model
links the goal model concept is participating in.
Example: The goal and constraints concept
of the item “Strategic complementarities in fi-
nancial markets” (Figure 4) adds to this item a
set of personalization and adaptation attributes,
such as weight and label (e.g., weight = 70% and
label = “beginner”), corresponding to the adap-
tive strategy.
Definition 16:
A
goal and constraints link
⊆
).
Example: In order to adapt any item, it should
have at least one metadata attribute (such as 'visual'
as per the previous example) which can be used
with the adaptive strategy; without these attributes,
the strategy cannot adapt the item.
Constraint 4:
Each goal and constraints item
g
must be involved in at least one special link gl,
called the
prerequisite link
(link to ancestor item).
Example: See the Example for Definition 16.
Constraint 5:
Each goal and constraints con-
cept g must have at least one special, numerical
goal and constraints attribute ga, called an
order
attribute
. This attribute reflects the order of the
concept among siblings with the same prerequisite
goal and constraints parent concept.
Example: If “World systems theory” and
“Minsky's theory” have the same parent prereq-
uisite, “Theories of financial crises” (see Figure
4), than there must be an order between them,
for example, “World systems theory” has order
= 1 and “Minsky's theory” has order = 2. This
is a weak prerequisite structure, where elements
with lower order should be shown before elements
with higher order, or could, in principle, appear
on the same page.
⊇
GA
min
≠
∅
gl
GL
is a tuple <
S
,
E, N
,
W
> with
S
,
E
GC
,
∈
⊆
(
S, E
≠
), respectively,
start
and
end
sets of goal
model concepts,
N
a set of labels of the link and
W
a set of weights of the link.
Example: The goal and constraints item “Types
of financial crises” can be linked to the goal and
constraints item “Banking crises” via a prerequisite
link (See Figure 5). This now specifies that the
item “Types of financial crises” should be shown
before “Banking crises”, as this is now part of
the adaptation description. Unlike the use of the
domain link between these items, the goal model
link has one interpretation only. The purpose is
also different, as goal model links can be of a
pedagogic nature, whereas the domain links can
only be of a domain-related nature - they are de-
scriptive links, and not procedural links.
Definition 17:
A
goal and constraints at-
tribute
ga
∅
GC
is a
tuple <GM
gc
, type
,
val
> where GM
gc
. is the goal
map the goal module attribute belongs to,
type
is the name of the goal map attribute; and
val
is
the value (contents) of the goal model attribute.
Example: An attribute for the “Financial crisis”
module (Figure 4) could be the details its author.
Another attribute could be the description of the
educational contents gathered in this module, etc.
GA
of a goal model gc
∈
∈
Social User Model
Definition 19:
The
social user model UM
is
formed by the set of all
user maps
(
UM
⊆
CM
),
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