Radioactive Releases from Nuclear Power Plants During Normal Operation - The Risks of Nuclear Energy Technology - page 89

4.6.1 Limits of Effective Radiation Dose from Nuclear
Installations in Normal Operation
At present, the German Radiation Protection Ordinance of 2008 [ 14 ] is valid in
Germany. It is based on ICRP 60 [ 5 ] and the Euratom directive of 1996 [ 19 ]. In the
USA the environmental radiation protection standards of USEPA are to be
obeyed [ 20 ].
4.6.2 Radiation Exposure Limit for the Population
According to the German Radiation Protection Ordinance [ 14 ], as an example, the
limit for the annual effective radiation dose due to radioactive emissions from
nuclear installations to the population permissible on top of the natural background
radiation is 1 mSv.
Table 4.5 shows a comparison of ICRP 60 [ 5 ] with the Euratom directive of 1996
[ 19 ] and US NRC 10 CFR 20 [ 20 , 21 ].
4.6.3 Exposure Limits for Persons Occupationally Exposed
to Radiation
The exposure limit per annum of the effective radiation dose for persons occupa-
tionally exposed to radiation is given in Table 4.6 .
The limit for persons occupationally exposed to radiation is 20 mSv/year. This
limit can be increased to 50 mSv/year as long as the sum of exposures does not
exceed 100 mSv over a time period of 5 years. This is over and above background
exposure and excludes medical exposure.
The exposure doses for each organ (tissue) must be determined by special tables
which are not listed here in detail [ 5 , 7 , 12 , 14 , 19 ].
4.6.4 Exposure Limits for Persons of Rescue Operation
Teams During a Reactor Catastrophe
After severe reactor accidents rescue operation teams working in contaminated
areas inside or outside of the reactor in high radiation fields can receive a radiation
exposure up to a limit of [ 14 , 22 , 23 ]
- 100 mSv per rescue operation and year or
- 250 mSv once in their life