Why More Women Don’t Lead and Innovate - Transforming Your STEM Career Through Leadership and Innovation - page 43

TABLE 3.2 How Leader Behaviors Connect to Feminine and Masculine
Stereotypes

Feminine Behaviors - Taking Care Masculine Behaviors - Taking Charge

Supporting
Encouraging, assisting, and providing
resources for others

Problem-Solving
Identifying, analyzing, and acting
decisively to remove impediments to
work performance

Rewarding
Providing praise, recognition, and
financial remuneration when appropriate

Influencing Upward
Affecting others in positions of
higher rank

Mentoring
Facilitating the skill development and
career advancement of subordinates

Delegating
Authorizing others to have substantial
responsibility and discretion

Networking
Developing and maintaining
relationships with others who may
provide information or support resources

Consulting
Checking with others before making
plans or decisions that affect them

Team-Building
Encouraging positive identification with
the organization unit, cooperation, and
constructive conflict resolution

Inspiring
Motivating others toward greater
enthusiasm for, and commitment to,
work objects by appealing to emotions,
value, or personal example

Source: Women “Take Care,” Men “Take Charge” ( 2005)

thus they have confidence in these thoughts and believe them to be true. It is
this kind of perception that we must be mindful of and resist, as it can clearly
interfere with our perceptions of ourselves and other women and reduce the
opportunities for women to gain leadership positions.

Impact on Family Life
Research on women in employment has highlighted work-family balance as a
major concern [9, 9a] . Working mothers around the world are known to always
be working a “second shift” after they finish a day at their hectic jobs [10] . Many
countries across the world have conducted time-use surveys [11] , and a common