Hardware and Functional Development of Protection Devices and Systems - Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control - page 26

CENTRAL CONTROL

Level 1

LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL

Level 2

Substation
level

Substation
level

Substation
level

Substation
level

Level 3

Feeder or
object
level

Feeder or
object
level

Feeder or
object
level

Feeder or
object
level

Level 4

Command flow Data flow

Fig. 3.13 Hierarchical structure of protection and control

External

SCADA Data Warehouse

(Corporate)

SA System

GPS Time
Reference

Substation Data
Concentrator

SCADA
Interface

RTU

User HMI

SA LAN

NIM NIM

DIRECT
I/O

LAN
IED

IED IED

Inputs &
Outputs

Remote
Access

Fig. 3.14 System functional architecture diagram

non-operational data can also be transferred to the corporate Data Warehouse that
enables users to access substation data, providing necessary firewall to substation
control and operation functions.
Summarizing this chapter one can say that:

• modern media and cost pressure are the diving force for system integration and
automation in substations,