Digital Signal Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
AV R
33 kV
10 kV
115 kV
G
T1
6 kV
Z
S
E
S
M1
Z
L1
T2
Lo1
Lo3
6 kV
Z
L3
M2
Z
L2
T3
Lo2
Short-circuit power
of the 110 kV system:
S
zw
=
1500MVA
The system transformer
TS:
S
n
= 63 MVA; 110kV/33kV; Yd11;
Generator
G: Type TB -60-2;
S
n
=75 MVA;
P
n
=60 MW;
U
n
=10.5kV
; T'
d0
=
11.7s,
T
q0
'
=0.6s;
Power station transformer
T1:
S
n
=
63MVA; 33kV/10.5kV; Yd11;
Load transformers
(Yd11): (T2
)
:
S
n
=
20MVA; 33kV/6kV;
U
z
=
8.1%;
P
Cu
=
123kW; (T3):
S
n
=
40MVA; 33kV/6kV;
Lines:
(L1):
R
1
=
0.095
Ω
;
X
1
=
0.061
Ω
; (L2):
R
2
=
0.067
Ω
;
X
2
=
0.082
Ω
; (L3):
R
3
= 4.34
Ω
;
X
3
=
3.83
Ω
;
Non-rotating loads: Lo1:
S
=(5+j5)MVA; Lo2:
S
=(10+j8)MVA; Lo3:
S
=(25+j20)MVA;
Induction motors
M1, M2:
P
n
=630kW ring type;
U
n
=6 kV; η=0.94; cosϕ=0.85;
n
n
=1500rev/min,
s
n
=0.01;
H
=0.16s.
Fig. 13.15
Single-line diagram and basic parameters of the test power system
population after optimization process was characterized by the fitness value
Q = 1210.7, which is approximately six times higher than for the AVR without
optimization.
The
resulting
optimal
AVR
obtained
the
following
settings:
k
a
= 245.14; t
a
= 0.322; k
f
= 0.018; t
f
= 1.956.
The signals for AVR assessment were obtained from EMTP-ATP simula-
tions of the test power system. A typical industrial network shown in
Fig.
13.15
was considered. The local power station with generator G of
nominal voltage 10.5 kV supplies the main 33 kV busbar (GPZ) via its step-up
transformer T1. The main busbar is also supplied from the 110 kV system via
transformer TS. The non-rotating load connected directly to the main busbar is
represented by an impedance. The rotating loads used in the system operate at
the voltage level of 6 kV so two major separated 6 kV busbars are considered
that are supplied via lowering transformers T2 and T3. The 6 kV loads are
divided into non-rotating (Lo1, Lo2, represented by impedances) and rotating
ones (groups of induction motors M1 and M2). The network parameters are
given under Fig.
13.15
.
A number of several various cases of the system normal and abnormal oper-
ating
conditions
have
been
prepared.
The
simulation
scenarios
considered
included:
• Normal operation at rated load,
• Switching on and off certain load parts,
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