Digital Signal Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
10
1
real fault
impedance value
0
.8
8
0.6
0
.4
6
0.2
t
[s]
0
4
0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
(c)
1
2
0.8
0.6
0
0.4
0.2
2
t
[s]
0
0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
R
[
Ω
]
Fig. 11.26 Distance relay operation for a single-phase out-of-zone fault (close to first-zone
reach): a trajectory of measured impedance b response of classical relay c response of FL
adaptive relay
close to first-zone boundaries. The new relay was able to classify properly all the
considered simulation cases, showing more sensitive zone checking than the
classical distance relay without application of FL.
References
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TS
(Convenor)
(1995)
Fault
diagnosis
in
electric
power
systems
through
AI
techniques. Report by TF 38.06.02, Electra 159
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IEEE Trans Power Deliv 10:169-175
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