Characteristics of Measurement of Criterion Values and Adaptive - Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control - page 183

(a) (b)

1.04 1.04

U U

1.03 1.03

1.02 1.02

1.01 1.01

1 1

0.99 0.99

0.98 0.98

0.97 0.97

0.96 0.96

0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04

f f

f f

1

(d)

1

(c)

0.4 -0.3

Q

P

0.38 -0.32

0.36 -0.34

0.34 -0.36

0.32 -0.38

0.3 -0.4

0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04

f f

f f

1

1

Fig. 9.7 Spectra of selected averaging measurement algorithms for a, b voltage magnitude and
c, d power components; algorithms: ( 8.3a , b ), ( 8.9a , b , c ), ( 8.11 ), ( 8.12 )

Fig. 9.8 Spectra of
averaging algorithms in wide-
frequency range; algorithms:
( 8.9a , b , c ), ( 8.11 ), ( 8.12 )

2

U , P , Q

1.5

U

1

P

0.5

0

Q

-0.5

-1

0 1 2 3 4 5

f f

1

The simulative analysis results shown in Fig. 9.9 confirm the above, presenting
also the characteristics for reactive power (not discussed previously). The above
observations lead to two general conclusions: the algorithms considered are highly