Multianion analysis, applications of ion chromatography - Determination of Anions in Natural and Treated Waters - page 687

Green and Woods [74] have described a method employing a hydrogen form cation
exchange column for the analyses of mixtures of chloride, fluoride, sulphate and
phosphate in waste waters.
The standard US Environmental Protection Agency Method [16] for the determination
of chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulphate in non saline waters has been
applied to waste waters (see section 12.2.1).
Cameron and Pohlandt [75] determined fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, nitrite,
sulphate and phosphate ions, individually or simultaneously, in water and wastewater by
suppressed ion chromatography. For simultaneous determination of the anions in the mg
L −1 concentration range, the time per analysis was less than 8min. Relative standard
deviations were 1.0%, 0.9%, 0.3%, 1.6% 0.3%, 0.8% and 0.3% respectively, for the ions
listed above.
12.7.2 Miscellaneous
Ion chromatography has also been applied to the analysis of mixtures of chloride and
sulphite [76], fluoride, chloride, phosphate and sulphate and halides, nitrate, sulphate,
sulphite, thiosulphate and thiocyanate [77].
12.8 Industrial effluents
12.8.1 Chloride, bromide, fluoride, nitrite, nitrate, sulphate and phosphate
The work of Mosko [78] is important in that he is one of the few workers who have given
serious consideration to the determination of nitrite in water. His paper is concerned with
the determination of chloride, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, fluoride and
bromide in industrial effluents, waste water and cooling water. Two types of analytical
columns were evaluated (standard anion and fast run series). Chromatographic
conditions, sample pretreatment and the results of interference, sensitivity, linearity,
precision, comparative and recovery studies are described. The standard column provided
separation capabilities which permitted the determination of all seven anions. The fast
run column could not be used for samples containing nitrite or bromide owing to
resolution problems.
Reagents
Low conductivity water (1-1.5µmho cm −1 ) prepared by polishing demineralised water
with a strong mixed bed resin exchanger used to prepare all standards and eluents.
S tandard eluent (0.005mol L −1 NaHCO 3 /0.0024mol L −1 Na 2 CO 3 ). (Periodic
conditioning and regeneration of the separator columns and suppressor column employed
the use of 0.1mol L −1 sodium carbonate and IN sulphuric acid solutions, respectively.)
1+1 solution of sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate (50gL −1 solutions) appropriate
volume added to standards and samples to produce a matrix background similar to the
eluent. This minimised interference from the 'water dip' that is common to ion
chromatography analyses.