Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Sulphide
complete removal recommended
Source: Reproduced with permission from the Water Research Centre, UK [39]
10.11.3
Ion chromatography
The application of this technique is discussed under multianion analysis in sections
10.22.1 and 12.8.1.
10.11.4
Miscellaneous
Paper chromatography has been used to identify nitrites in industrial effluents [38].
10.12
Phosphate
10.12.1
Spectrophotometric method
Official methods have been described for the determination of phosphates in trade
effluents and sewage [39].
In these methods phosphate is reacted with an acidic molybdate reagent to form a
reduced phosphomolybdenum blue complex whose absorption is measured
spectrophotometrically at 882nm. The method is applicable in the range 0-40mg L
−5
phosphate with a detection limit of 0.003-0.006mg L
−1
. Standard deviations range from
0.002mg L
−1
at the 0.04mg L
−1
phosphate level to 0.11-0.17mg L
−1
at the 11mg L
−1
phosphate level.
Interference effects are reviewed in Table 10.2.
10.12.2
Ion chromatography
The application of this technique is discussed under multianion analysis in sections
10.22.1 and 12.8.1.
10.13
Polysulphide
10.13.1
Gas chromatography
Borchardt and Easty [40] developed a gas chromatographic method for determining
polysulphide in kraft pulping liquors. The polysulphide is decomposed to elemental
sulphur in buffer solution. The elemental sulphur is derivatised with triphenyl phosphine.
The resulting triphenylphosphine sulphur is determined by flame ionisation-gas
chromatography.
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