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CONCLUSIONS
The characterization of pathogenic
E. coli
with genomic and virulence prop-
erties that seems to be a mix of classic pathotypes, reflects the high genome
plasticity of
E. coli
genomes. Events of horizontal transfer and divergent evo-
lution are constantly occurring among bacteria that at some point, share a
niche, and result in the development of emergent pathogenic types that acquire
the capacity to colonize different niches in the host or to produce a variety of
disease traits. In some cases, causality of disease by these strains remains to
be undoubtedly proven, but in general, the characterization of their interac-
tions with human cultured cell or animal models, such as the development of
inflammatory responses or the requirement for a specific host genetic predis-
position leads to the proposal of novel therapeutic approaches. In the same
fashion, the studies about epidemic behavior and transmission routes, facil-
itated by culture-independent techniques of detection, have allowed public
health officials to propose prevention and control measures that may impede
further epidemic or endemic morbidity.
REFERENCES
Escherichia coli
. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. Microbiol. 139, 557-573
.
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