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TABLE 5.3 Effector proteins—cont'd
Effectors
Function or activity
TccP2
EspF U /TccP homolog ( Ogura et al., 2007 ; Ooka et al., 2007 ; Whale
et al., 2007 ).
EspJ
Anti-opsonophagocytic ( Dahan et al., 2005 ; Marches et al., 2008 ).
EspK
Colonization factor (Calves) ( Vlisidou et al., 2006 ).
EspL2
Interacts with Annexin A2, induces microcolony formation and F-actin
aggregation ( Miyahara et al., 2009 ; Tobe, 2010 ).
EspM1/M2
WxxxE family RhoA GEF ( Arbeloa et al., 2009 , 2010 ); induces
stress fibers, modulates pedestal formation ( Arbeloa et al., 2008 );
alters polarized epithelial architecture ( Simovitch et al., 2010 ).
EspI (NleA)
Colonization factor ( Lee et al., 2008 ); binds Sec24 and inhibits COPII-
dependent vesicular transport ( Kim et al., 2007 ; Thanabalasuriar et al.,
2012 ); disrupts tight junctions ( Thanabalasuriar et al., 2010a , b ); binds
PDZ domains ( Lee et al., 2008 ).
NleB
Colonization factor (Cattle) ( Misyurina et al., 2010 ); blocks nuclear
translocation of NF- κ B p65 subunit ( Nadler et al., 2010 ; Newton et al.,
2010 ).
NleC
Zinc-metalloprotease that represses IL-8 secretion by cleaving NF-kB
and acetyltransferase p300 ( Yen et al., 2010 ; Baruch et al., 2011 ;
Muhlen et al., 2011 ; Pearson et al., 2011 ; Sham et al., 2011 ; Shames
et al., 2011 ).
NleD
Zinc-metalloprotease that inactivates JNK and diminishes IL-8
secretion ( Baruch et al., 2011 ).
NleE
Inhibits NF-kB activation by blocking IkB degradation ( Nadler et al.,
2010 ; Newton et al., 2010 ; Vossenkamper et al., 2010 ).
NleF
NleG/NleI
Colonization factor (Gnotobiotic piglets) ( Echtenkamp et al., 2008 )
U-Box-E3 ubiquitin ligase ( Li et al., 2006 ; Wu et al., 2010 ).
NleH1/H2
Colonization factor ( Royan et al., 2010 ); binds human ribosomal
protein S3 (RPS3), a cofactor of NF-kB transcriptional complex and
disrupts innate immune response ( Hemrajani et al., 2008 ; Gao et al.,
2009 ; Pham et al., 2012 ); interacts with Bax inhibitor-1 to block
apoptosis ( Hemrajani et al., 2010 ); decreases IKK- β -activity ( Royan
et al., 2010 ).
NleL
E3 ubiquitin ligase; modulates pedestal formation ( Lin et al., 2011 ;
Piscatelli et al., 2011 ).
Cif
Cycle inhibiting factor; binds NEDD8 and blocks CRL ubiquitin ligase
activity ( Morikawa et al., 2010 ); induces cell cycle arrest ( Marches
et al., 2003 ; Taieb et al., 2006 ; Cui et al., 2010 ); induces delayed
apoptosis ( Samba-Louaka et al., 2009 ).
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