Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.3
Effector proteins
Effectors
Function or activity
LEE-encoded
Tir
Translocated intimin receptor; required for AE lesion formation,
colonization, and virulence (
Kenny et al., 1997
;
Marches et al.,
2000
;
Deng et al., 2003
;
Ritchie et al., 2003
); binds IRTKS/IRSp53
(
Vingadassalom et al., 2009
;
Weiss et al., 2009
).
Map
Promotes colonization (
Ritchie and Waldor, 2005
); disrupts tight
junctions (
Ma et al., 2006
); induces transient filopodia (
Kenny et al.,
2002
); targets mitochondria (
Kenny and Jepson, 2000
;
Dean and
Kenny, 2004
); WxxxE family Cdc42 guanine-nucleotide exchange
factor (GEF) (
Huang et al., 2009
); targets Na+/H+ exchanger
regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) (
Simpson et al., 2006
).
EspF
Promotes colonization (
Nagai et al., 2005
;
Ritchie and Waldor, 2005
);
disrupts tight junctions (
McNamara et al., 2001
;
Elliott et al., 2002
;
Guttman et al., 2006
;
Peralta-Ramirez et al., 2008
); disrupts microvilli
(
Dean et al., 2006
); targets mitochondria and promotes apoptosis (
Crane
et al., 2001
;
Nougayrede and Donnenberg, 2004
;
Nagai et al., 2005
;
Dean et al., 2010
); anti-phagocytic (
Quitard et al., 2006
;
Martinez-
Argudo et al., 2007
;
Marches et al., 2008
;
Tahoun et al., 2011
); targets
transporters Abcf2 (
Nougayrede et al., 2007
) and SGLT-1 (
Dean et al.,
2006
) and sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) (
Hodges et al., 2008
);
binds 14-3-3 and cytokeratin 18 (
Viswanathan et al., 2004
); nucleates
sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) and N-WASP to induce membrane remodeling
(
Alto et al., 2007
).
EspG
Disrupts microtubules (
Tomson et al., 2005
); promotes actin stress
fibers (
Tomson et al., 2005
); alters epithelial paracellular permeability
(
Matsuzawa et al., 2005
); promotes colonization of small-intestine
in rabbits (
Ritchie and Waldor, 2005
); targets ADP-ribosylation factor
GTPase (ARF), p21-activated kinases (PAKs) (
Selyunin and Alto, 2011
;
Selyunin et al., 2011
), and GM130 (
Clements et al., 2011
) to disrupt
Golgi function
EspH
Modulates actin pedestal formation (
Tu et al., 2003
); promotes brush
border remodeling (
Shaw et al., 2005
); recruits N-WASP and Arp2/3
(
Wong et al., 2012
); inactivates RhoGEFs (
Wong et al., 2012
).
EspZ (SepZ)
Interacts with CD98 and induces FAK phosphorylation and cell
detachment
in vitro
(
Shames et al., 2010
); interacts with inner
mitochondrial membranetranslocase TIM17b to protect against rapid cell
death (
Kanack et al., 2005
;
Shames et al., 2011
;
Roxas et al., 2012
).
N
on-LEE encode
d
EspFu/
TccP
Required for AE lesion formation (
Campellone et al., 2004
;
Garmendia
et al., 2004
); promotes colonization (
Vlisidou et al., 2006
); binds to host
proteins IRTKS/IRSp53 (
Vingadassalom et al., 2009
;
Weiss et al., 2009
),
F-BAR proteins (
Campellone et al., 2012
) and N-WASP (
Garmendia
et al., 2006
;
Cheng et al., 2008
;
Sallee et al., 2008
).
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