Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.2
STEC adherence factors
Potential adhesins
Function
EspA
Filamentous appendage that promotes type III effector
delivery and mediates interaction between host cells
and AE pathogens (
Ebel et al., 1998
;
Knutton et al.,
1998
;
Daniell et al., 2001
).
Long polar fimbriae
(LPF)
Required for adherence and microcolony formation in
eukaryotic cells (
Torres et al., 2002
;
Torres et al., 2004
).
Has a role in pig, sheep (
Jordan et al., 2004
) and infant
rabbit colonization (
Lloyd et al., 2012
) and influencing
intestinal tissue tropism (
Fitzhenry et al., 2006
). Binds to
ECM proteins (
Farfan et al., 2011
).
F9 Fimbriae (Type I pilus
homolog)
Potential role in colonization in young calves and in
adherence to cells in culture (
Low et al., 2006
).
Curli fimbriae
Associated with increased virulence of EHEC in mice
(
Uhlich et al., 2002
). Promotes attachment of EHEC
(O111:H-7-57C+, O157:H7 5-11C+ and O103:H2
7-52C+) to certain abiotic surfaces (
Cookson et al., 2002
;
Pawar et al., 2005
).
OmpA
Promotes adherence to HeLa and polarized Caco-2 cells
(
Torres and Kaper, 2003
;
Torres et al., 2006
).
IrgA homolog adhesion
(Iha)
Confers the adherence phenotype on laboratory
E. coli
; possess siderophore-receptor activity
(
Tarr et al., 2000
;
Rashid et al., 2006
).
EHEC factor for
adherence (Efa)
Important for adhesion of non-O157 EHEC to CHO
cells
in vitro,
hemagglutination, autoaggregation and
colonization of bovine intestines (
Nicholls et al., 2000
;
Stevens et al., 2002
;
Deacon et al., 2010
).
Calcium binding
Antigen 43 homolog (Cah)
Binds to calcium and promotes autoaggregation and
biofilm formation (
Torres et al., 2002
).
Hemorrhagic coli pilus
(HCP) (Type IV pili)
Binds to laminin and fibronectin, promotes twitching
motility, biofilm formation and hemagglutination
(
Xicohtencatl-Cortes et al., 2007
,
2009
). Activates
release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines
from polarized, cultured intestinal cells (
Ledesma
et al., 2010
).
Escherichia coli
common
pilus (ECP)
Important for adherence to cultured epithelial cells and
virulence of
E. coli
O157 in humans (
Rendon et al., 2007
).
ToxB
Homolog of Efa1, encoded on plasmid pO157 and
promotes adherence to cultured epithelial cells (
Tatsuno
et al., 2001
). Affects production and secretion of some
virulence factors required for the development of A/E
lesions (
Stevens et al., 2004
).
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