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carboxylate anions and ammonia. These carboxylate anions become neutralized on
treatment with acid. In order to simplify the presentation of this mechanism, associ-
ated sodium cations are omitted. It is understood that each negative charge is
associated with a sodium cation.
Please note that this reaction generally requires strongly basic conditions and high
temperatures and that the hydrolyses probably occur one at a time.
2. Explain the following reactions in mechanistic terms. Show arrow pushing and describe
the reaction as a name reaction.
This is an example of the Wittig reaction which occurs when a phosphorus ylide
reacts with an aldehyde or a ketone. An ylide is a molecule in which
there exists a natural state of charge separation. In this case,
the ylide is
