Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
to its bound atoms in a trigonal planar geometry. Likewise, the vinyl carbon is con-
nected to its bound atoms in a trigonal planar geometry.
For this compound, the positively charged carbon is bound to an alkyne carbon and two
methyl carbons through single bonds. Because this carbon atom is bound to only three
atoms, it is sp
2
hybridized. Additionally, the alkyne carbon atom is bound to the posi-
tively charged carbon atom and a second alkyne carbon atom. Because the two alkyne
carbon atoms are joined by a triple bond, there can be no more than two atoms bound to
the highlighted alkyne carbon. Therefore, because the alkyne carbon is bound to two
separate atoms, this carbon is sp hybridized. Based on the atomic hybridizations, the
positively charged carbon is connected to its bound atoms in a trigonal planar geometry,
and the alkyne carbon is connected to its bound atoms in a linear geometry.
2. Predict all of the products of the following reactions:
Silver is very efficient at removing halides, resulting in generation of carbocations.
Because, once a carbocation is formed, a 1,2-hydride shift applied to the illustrated sec-
ondary carbocation can only generate a less stable primary carbocation or an identical
secondary carbocation, therefore, there is only one product formed in this reaction.
