Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.7
Eurocode loads and partial load factors for serviceab
i
lity limit state
Serviceability limit state
Load combinations
a
I
II
III
b
Accidental/
seismic
Load
Temporary
In-service
Permanent Loads (G)
Self-weight of structure
1.0
1.0
1.0
Ballast concrete
1.0
1.0
1.0
Road pavement, furniture
1.0
1.0
Hydrostatic load (MWL)
1.0
1.0
1.0
Earth pressure
1.0
1.0
1.0
Settlements
1.0
1.0
1.0
Prestressing, creep, and shrinkage
1.0
1.0
1.0
Variable Loads (Q)
Earth pressure (surcharge)
1.0
1.0
1.0
Road traffic
1.0
1.0
Wind
1.0
1.0
Water level variation
1.0
1.0
1.0
Temperature
1.0
1.0
1.0
Wave and current loads
1.0
Temporary construction loads
1.0
Accidental Loads (A): One of
the following
Explosion
1.0
Collision from road traffic
1.0
Sunken ship
1.0
Falling anchor
1.0
Earthquake
1.0
Tunnel flooding
1.0
Extreme high water and waves
1.0
For all loads, the factors given in the column are to be multiplied by the corresponding load
in all load combinations. If no value is given, the load shall not be taken into account.
a
These combinations are considered for stress limitations of structural concrete only. Steel
reinforcement stress is limited to the yield stress, f
yk
. Crack width and deflections are not
considered.
b
not dissimilar to any other type of structure whereby the conventional load
deformation analysis should be carried out. Analysis should be undertaken
of the transverse behavior of the tunnel—that is, how the cross section of
the tunnel carries loads and deforms—and of the longitudinal behavior of
the tunnel—that is, along the long axis of the tunnel. Consideration must
