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started from a disputed point of physiol-
ogy, and finished with Ibn Riwān calling
upon the practitioners of Cairo to boycott
Ibn Bulān.
far almost exclusively to the third column
(synonyma): it contains important vocabu-
lary material, especially of the Romance
languages.
Of other writings of Ibn Biklāri
ª
, only
one work on dietetics is known by its
title; in the introduction to the
Mustaīnī
it is quoted twice as
Risālat al-Tabyīn wa
'l-tartīb
.
( J. Schacht)
Ibn Biklāri
ª
Yūsuf (Yünus?) b. Isā al-Isrāīlī Ibn
Biklāri
ª
was a Judaeo-Arab physician
and pharmacist who lived in Almeria
ca.
1100 A.D. There he wrote the
K.
al-Mustaīnī
for al-Mustaīn billāh Abū
⁄
afar Amad b. Yūsuf al-Mutamin
billāh (reigned 478-503/1085-1109), the
Hūdid ruler of Saragossa, after whom the
work was named.
The topic must have attracted atten-
tion immediately, for it is often quoted
by al-
fi
āfiī, a younger contemporary
of Ibn Biklāri
ª
, in his
K. al-Adwiya al-
mufrada
; in the Latin version of the lat-
ter under the name Buclaris or Boclaris
(i.e. from Biclaro?). It is also remarkable
that both authors quote almost the same
sources. After a theoretical explanation of
pharmacology which is essentially based
on Galen, the
Mustaīnī
contains a special
table-like section, arranged in five unequal
columns. The first two small columns give
the names (
asmā
), and characteristics (
ibā
)
of the simple medicines, the third (
tafsīruhā
bi-'
¶
tilāf al-lu
∞
āt
) contains their explana-
tion together with their Greek, Syriac,
Persian, Latin and Mozarabic synonyms,
the fourth the Succedanea (
abdāl
) and the
fifth their utility, specific effect and region
of application (
manāfiuhā wa-
¶
awāuhā
wa-wu
¡
ūh istimālihā
). The covering text
on the upper and lower margin contains
further details, and above all the sources.
The order of the total of 704 drugs follows
the
ab
¡
ad
alphabet in its Ma
∞
ribī form.
In Europe, attention has been given so
(A. Dietrich)
Ibn al-Tilmī
£
Abū 'l-asan Hibat Allāh b. Abi 'l-Alā
āid b. Ibrāhīm Ibn al-Tilmī
£
, with the
honorific names of Muwaffi al-Mulk and
Amīn al-Dawla (he was widely known
under the latter name), was a Christian
Arab physician of Ba
∞
dād, where he was
born in the second half of the 5th/11th
century, and son of a very eminent phy-
sician. He completed his education in
various branches of learning by making
fairly long journeys in Persia, and then
returned to settle in Ba
∞
dād, where he
succeeded his father. He seems to have
been extraordinarily gifted: in addition
to his fine command of Arabic, he knew
Syriac and Persian, was skilled in poetry
and music, and was also an excellent cal-
ligrapher. He was well-versed in Christian
theology, and evidently also in the Mus-
lim religion, since he wrote on medical
questions treated in
adī
º
s. He appears to
have been a priest, and he was the leader
of the Christian community of Ba
∞
dād.
As a physician, he was highly esteemed by
his contemporaries and his successors, for
example Abd Laīf; he enjoyed the favour
of the caliphs al-Mutafī, al-Mustan
¡
id
and al-Mustaī, and he remained until
his death the Christian director (
sāūr
,
a Syriac title) of the famous hospital
founded by Aud al-Dawla in the capital.
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