Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
III Medicine Dietetics
and Pharmacology
1. Greek into Arabic
linguistic and cultural groups, the Ara-
maic and the Persian. Among the for-
mer, considerable sections of whom had
in the meantime embraced Christianity,
an initial attitude of antagonism against
pagan Hellenism eventually gave place
to assimilation just at the time when the
Muslim Arabs were moving into Syria
and Palestine. Helped by their knowl-
edge of Greek and their training in the
study of the Greek church fathers, Syriac-
speaking scholars were translating in the
7th century pagan Greek works, primar-
ily in the fields of Aristotelian logic and
medicine. In the Sāsānid empire, the
devastation of Alexander's conquests was
incorporated into an imperial ideology
that simultaneously glorified the Sāsānid
dynasty and promoted the assimilation
of Hellenism through translations from
Greek into Pahlavi, which appear to have
reached their high point during the reign
of usraw Anū ª irwān (A.D. 531-78).
As the Dēnkard IV has it, Alexander's
conquest caused the topics containing
the Avesta and the Zand to be scattered
throughout the world, but the Sāsānids,
starting with their founder, Arda ª īr I,
Translation
Tar ¡ ama (Ar., pl. tarā ¡ im ), verbal noun
of the verb tar ¡ ama “to interpret, translate,
write the biography of someone ( lahu )”.
1. Translations from Greek
and Syriac
Tar ¡ ama (Arabic), and the Persian and
Turkish forms, tar ¡ uma ( kardan ) and ter-
cüme ( etmek ), are the most commonly used
terms for “translation” from one language
to another. Two other terms used in this
sense in Arabic, especially in the first few
centuries of Islam, are nal and, to a lesser
extent, tafsīr .
Translation had played a crucial role in
the cultural history of multilingual Near
Eastern peoples ever since the beginning
of the second millennium B.C., with the
translations of Sumerian texts into Akka-
dian. The conquest of the Near East by
Alexander the Great and the ensuing
spread of Greek and Hellenism led to
two significant developments, before the
rise of Islam, in the two major indigenous
Search WWH ::




Custom Search