The Power and Transportation Future - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Advances in Transportation and Power - page 278

30%. This means that energy use would have to become twice as efficient.
This future vision has natural gas consumption increasing through 2025
and then dropping due to supply problems.
As renewable energy grows, by 2020 a variety of renewable sources
supply a fifth of the power in many developed countries. By 2025 biotech-
nology, materials advances and sophisticated power grid controls provide
a new generation of renewable technologies. Its spread is aided by ad-
vances in storage technology.
Oil becomes scarce by 2040, but more efficient vehicles using liquid
biofuels from biomass farms solve this problem with some help from su-
per clean diesel fuel made from natural gas.
By 2050 renewables supply a third of the world's primary energy
and most incremental energy. These are major increases in renewable en-
ergy and energy efficiency. Today, renewables supply about 13% of the
world's energy, but in the U.S. renewables now only provide less than 1%
of electric power generation.
BOTTLED FUEL
Another view of the future by Shell sees a technological revolution
based on hydrogen. It is based on the development of bottled fuel for fuel
cell vehicles. Two liter bottles hold enough fuel to drive forty miles and
are distributed like bottled water through existing distribution channels
including vending machines. A package of eight bottles can provide 320
miles of driving. Consumers would get their fuel anywhere and at any
time.
By 2025, in this scenario, one-quarter of fleet vehicles use fuel cells,
which make up half of new sales. Renewables grow quickly after 2025.
Almost a billion metric tons of CO 2 are sequestered in 2025. Then,
hydrogen is produced from coal, oil and gas fields, with the carbon diox-
ide extracted and sequestered cheaply at the source. Large-scale renew-
able sources and nuclear energy are producing hydrogen by electrolysis
come 2030.
Global energy use nearly triples from 2000 to 2050. World wide nu-
clear power production also nearly triples during this time. Natural gas
use is large in this scenario, and its use more than triples over these 50
years. Renewable energy is also abundant.
By 2050, CO 2 sequestration is over 8 billion metric tons per year, one-