Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
polarity (Hurtado et al.
2011
). This system can now be used to test the effects of a
physical separation of the Golgi and the centrosome on cellular processes that are
controlled by the Golgi-centrosome interaction.
It is important to extend these observations from mammalian cells to organisms
that do not have a pericentrosomal Golgi apparatus, and that may therefore lack
functional Golgi-centrosome interactions. Obviously, such organisms must have
developed alternative mechanisms to control important processes such as polari-
zation. A straightforward means to achieve directional protein transport in the
absence of a pericentrosomal Golgi is to deliver mRNA to specific ER-Golgi
subunits for localized protein translation, sorting, and transport. This system is
utilized by yeast, in which mRNAs encoding for membrane proteins are trans-
ported along the acto-myosin network to the bud tip, prior to local translation and
delivery to the plasma membrane (Takizawa et al.
2000
). Similarly, in Drosophila
embryos, the mRNA of the developmental protein Gurken is positioned so that its
translation and modification is restricted to a subset of ER-Golgi subunits (Herpers
and Rabouille
2004
). Alternatively, it is possible that the specific pericentrosomal
positioning of the Golgi apparatus is a reflection of increased evolutionary com-
plexity in higher organisms, providing an additional level of regulation required
for cellular processes specific to these organisms.
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